ANTHROPOMETRY 21 



31. Maximum thickness of the body of the lower jaw (optional). 



The maximum separation of the internal and external surfaces of 

 the bone in the plane between the first and second molars. 



32. Mandibular angle. 



The angle between the posterior and inferior borders of the bone. 

 To be measured by Broca's goniometre and according to the tech- 

 nique advised by that author. 



II. CEPHALOMETRY 



1. Maximum length of the head, or the maximum antero-posterior di- 



ameter; 7 c.e. 

 The same technique to be followed as on the skull; do not press. 8 



2. The maximum breadth of the head or maximum lateral diameter; c.e. 

 Same technique as on the skull. 



3. Height of the head (head erect). Instrument: The anthropometric 



. square. 



Landmarks: Superiorly the vertex; inferiorly the superior bor- 

 der of the auditory opening, which ordinarily corresponds (but the 

 point should always be verified) to the parts of the notch between the 

 tragus and helix. 9 



4. The minimum frontal breadth; c.e. 

 Same technique as on the skull. 



5. Maximum bimastoidal diameter; c.e. 



Same technique as on the skull, the observer standing behind the 

 subject. 



6. Maximum bizygomatic diameter; c.e. 



Same technique as on the skull. The maximum should be 1 searched 

 for with care, for it is often located more posteriorly than one would 

 expect. 



7. Bigoniac diameter; c.e. 



Same technique as on the skeleton. The fleshy parts of the mas- 

 seters are to be avoided. 



7 In all measurements on the living taken with the spreading compass it is in- 

 dispensable to search for the greatest spread of the branches, then fix the latter in 

 their position with the screw and replace them over adjoining parts to verify if 

 the spread has really been maximum. [If proper care be taken the awkward fix- 

 ation of the branches by the screw is not necessary. Tr.] 



8 A moderate amount of pressure is of course necessary; the instruction is di- 

 rected against hard pressure. Tr. 



9 The height from the middle of the line connecting the floor of the external audi- 

 tory canals, to bregma is now more in vogue. See p. 64. Tr. 



