ANTHROPOMETRY 59 



both the old and the metric system are obtainable in Europe as well 

 as in this country, but even these are heavy for transportation. For- 

 tunately, weight in adults, on account of its great variation, is not a 

 measurement of prime importance. 



14. Standards for Colors of Skin, Eyes, Hair (Accessories) . Though 

 generally satisfactory observations on skin, eye and hair color are possi- 

 ble without the use of standard color scales, the difficulties of nomen- 

 clature and of uniform instruction in different laboratories, have never- 

 theless caused a strong desire for a series of standards with which the 

 colors found could be matched, and by the number or name of which 

 they could be recorded. The result has been the preparation, by 

 various workers, of scales of colors intended to facilitate this important 

 part of anthropological observation. None of these scales represents 

 all that could be wished for, but all have their uses. 



Skin Colors. There are several scales for matching skin color. The 

 best known and one that has been most used is that of Broca, 1 the 

 others being those of von Luschan, 2 Rudolf Martin, 3 and Gustav 

 Fritsch. 4 Also there are other methods, 5 among them direct painting 

 in the field of the shades observed, a procedure which meets with only 

 limited success on account of the changes in the color of the pigments 

 during drying. 



Until an international agreement on some one scale is reached, the 

 observer may use either of those now in existence, it being understood 

 that in his report he will state which one he employed. Or he may 

 use simple descriptive terms which will be given under " Methods" 

 and which in most cases are quite sufficient. 



Color Standards for Eyes and Hair. The color of the eyes and the 

 hair, as that of the skin, may be determined by unaided observation, 

 and with many primitive tribes in general the task is quite simple. 



1 Printed originally in his "Instructions ge'ne'rales pour les recherches Anthro- 

 pologiques," M6m. Soc^ d'Anthrop. Paris, 1864, n; 2e eU, 16mo., Paris, 1879; repr. 

 on larger scale in Hrdlicka (A.) Directions for collecting information and specimens 

 for physical anthropology, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., Pt. R. No. 39, Wash., 1904; also, 

 in part and with different numbers, in the "Notes and Queries on Anthropology," 

 of the B. A. A. S. 



a v. Luschan's scale consisting of a series of colored glass tablets, is made by 

 Hermann, Zurich. 



8 Mentioned by G. Fritsch. 



4 Fritsch's colors, on painted paper strips, may be had from W. Pfund, Berlin; 

 the method is described in the Mitt. Anthrop. Ges. Wien, 1916, xvi, 183-5. 



6 Gray (J.), A new instrument for determining the color of the hair, eyes and skin 

 (Man, 1908, vm, 54); the Bradley's color top; the trade color scales; etc. 



