74 ALES' HRDLICKA 



measurements; ascertain most prominent points of angles with tips 

 of forefingers, slip these a little behind, apply points of compass to 

 the points just ascertained and read off the measurement. 



Height of Forehead. The height of the forehead is the difference 

 between the menton-nasion and the menton-crinion diameters. 



MEASUREMENTS OF THE NOSE, MOUTH, AND EARS 



Nose: Length. The length (or "height") of the nose from the 

 nasal septum where this joins the upper lip, to the nasion (Intern. 

 Agr.). 



Instrument: The sliding compass. 



Method: Apply left hand over the head of the subject in such a way 

 that the thumb is a short distance above the nasion. Place the fixed 

 branch of the compass against the thumb, and with this bring gently to 

 touch the nasion. Push movable branch of compass to point where 

 the line of the septum joins the skin descending from the nose to the 

 upper lip, remove instrument and read measurement. 



In cases where no point of demarkation between the upper lip 

 and nasal septum exists it will be necessary to press slightly on the 

 lower branch of the instrument in the line of the septum, until the 

 requisite point is reached. The student bears in mind that his object 

 is to ascertain the correct length of the nose alone. 



Breadth. The maximum normal external breadth of the nasal 

 alse, determined without the exertion of any pressure. 



Instrument: The sliding compass. 



Method : Hold instrument in right hand, with thumb on the sliding 

 branch and points upward. Place dorsal parts of the third and 

 fourth fingers of the left hand on the subject's chin, with the forefinger 

 free; apply distal branch of compass to your forefinger, and with this 

 acting as a support bring to the most prominent part of the right 

 nostril; push sliding branch gently to most prominent part of left 

 nostril, turn instrument slightly forward and backward to ascertain 

 that both branches are touching and not compressing the skin, re- 

 move and read measurement. 



Remarks. The position of the left hand of the observer in connection 

 with both measurements on the nose is of considerable importance and 

 assistance, assuring a safe, quick and accurate measurement, and 

 giving the subject a sense of confidence. In measuring the breadth of 

 the nose, care must be taken that the nostrils of the subject are not 



