ANTHROPOMETRY 103 



stereograph or some other form of large drawing apparatus, and a 

 mounted prism (" camera lucida")- He will need a suitable stuffed 

 leather or canvas ring as skull support. And, as in work on the living, 

 he will need properly prepared blanks (fig. 18, p. 119). 



The specimens to be examined are separated first according to kind, 

 then according to sex, and are then arranged by numbers. All of 

 this facilitates work. 



The blanks should be based on the same general principles as those 

 for measurements and observations on the living (see p. 63 et seq.). 

 Separate blanks are required for the skulls and for each kind of bone. 

 To save work these blanks may be printed; or they may be prepared on 

 good sized sheets marked in squares large enough to readily accom- 

 modate the records either in figures or in abbreviations. Sample 

 blanks are given on the following page. 



Selection of Measurements. The same general rules that apply in 

 this respect to the living (p. 61) apply also to the skull and rest of the 

 skeleton and need not be repeated here. The skeletal collections, how- 

 ever, are for the most part fully and continuously at our disposal, so 

 that they may be used again and again, serving for a series of studies 

 besides that the object of which was a general description. The 

 student may thus in cases require but a single measurement, or a 

 special observation on a single feature of a skull or a bone, and he will 

 prepare his scheme to suit the occasion. 



When the object is a general description of a series of crania (or 

 skeletons), the observer will naturally endeavor to show first those 

 features which are of the greatest importance from the standpoint of 

 race or group; and these are usually the size, shape, and peculiarities 

 of the specimen as a whole, and in its main parts. In the case of the 

 skull, he will therefore measure the principal dimensions of the vault, 

 with its capacity; the main dimensions of the face, lower jaw, palate 

 and teeth; and take notes on the form of the vault, face, nose and 

 orbits. He will add such visual observations as may complete in all 

 essential points the picture of the specimen which he wishes to transmit 

 so that this may be properly conveyed to his fellow workers and used 

 in comparison. The concrete object of the work, as here touched upon, 

 should not be forgotten in the maze of details. A list of measurements 

 and observations used for these purposes by the author, is here given : 



Instruments. Craniometry, as well as osteometry, has a series of 

 its own instruments. The small sliding compass (c. glissi&re), the 

 regular spreading calipers (c. d'epaisseur), and the anthropometric 



