6o 



PINACEAE. 



VOL. I. 

 Pond Pine. 



ii. Pinus serotina Michx. 

 Fig. 141. 



P. serotina Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 105. 1803. 



A tree of ponds and swamps, reaching a 

 maximum height of about 75 and a trunk 

 diameter of 3, its trunk usually short, the 

 bark fissured into small plates. Leaves in 3's 

 (rarely some in 4's), pale green, glaucous, 

 6'-io' long, with 2 nbro-vascular bundles ; 

 sheaths about 4' long; cones ovoid to globular- 

 ovoid, about 2.\' long, the scales bearing a 

 slender, incurved, usually deciduous prickle. 



Atlantic coastal plain, southern New Jersey ; 

 Virginia to Florida. Wood soft, brittle, coarse- 

 grained ; weight per cubic foot about 49 Ibs. 



Pinus sylvestris L., the Scotch Pine, of 

 northern Europe, which resembles P. resinosa 

 Ait. in having two needles to each sheath and 

 unarmed cone-scales, is much planted for orna- 

 ment and has become established on the coasts 

 of Maine and Massachusetts. 



2. LARIX [Tourn.] Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 480. 1763. 



Tall trees with horizontal or ascending branches and small narrowly linear deciduous 

 leaves, without sheaths, in fascicles on short lateral scaly bud-like branchlets. Aments short, 

 lateral, monoecious, the staminate from leafless buds ; the ovule-bearing buds commonly leafy 

 at the base, and the aments red. Anther-sacs 2-celled, the sacs transversely or obliquely 

 dehiscent. Pollen-grains simple. Cones ovoid or cyiindric, small, erect, their scales thin, 

 spirally arranged, obtuse, persistent. Ovules 2 on the base of each scale, ripening into 2 

 reflexed somewhat winged seeds. [Name ancient, probably Celtic.] 



About 9 species, natives of the north temperate and subarctic zones. Besides the following, 2 

 others occur in western North America. Type species: Larix Larix (L.) Karst., of Europe, much 

 planted for ornament, and reported as established in Connecticut. 



i. Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. American 

 Larch. Tamarack. Fig. 142. 



Pinus laricina Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 49. 1771. 

 Pinus pendula Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 369. 1789. 

 Larix americana Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 203. 1803. 

 Larix laricina Koch, Dendrol. 2 : Part 2, 263. 1873. 



A slender tree, attaining a maximum height of 

 about 100 and a trunk diameter of 3, the branches 

 spreading, the bark close or at length slightly scaly. 

 Leaves pale green, numerous in the fascicles, 5"-i2" 

 long, about \" wide, deciduous in late autumn ; fasci- 

 cles borne on short lateral branchlets about 2" long ; 

 cones shprt-peduncled at the ends of similar branch- 

 lets, ovoid, obtuse, 6"-8" long, composed of about 12 

 suborbicular thin scales, their margins entire or 

 slightly lacerate. 



In swampy woods and about margins of lakes, New- 

 foundland to the Northwest Territory, south to New 

 Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Minnesota. Wood 

 hard, strong, very durable, resinous, light brown ; weight 

 per cubic ft. 39 Ibs. Called also Hackmatack, Hack- 

 mak, Black or Red Larch, Juniper Cypress. March- 

 April. 



3. PICEA Link, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1827: 179. 1827-1830. 

 Evergreen conical trees, with linear short 4-sided leaves spreading in all directions, jointed 

 at the base to short persistent sterigmata, on which they are sessile, falling away in drying, 

 the bare twigs appearing covered with low truncate projections. Leaf-buds scaly. Staminate 

 aments axillary, nearly sessile; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent, the con- 

 nective prolonged into an appendage; pollen-grains compound ; ovule-bearing aments, terminal, 

 ovoid or oblong; ovules 2 on the base of each scale, reflexed, ripening into 2 more or less 

 winged seeds. Cones ovoid to oblong, obtuse, pendulous, their scales numerous, spirally 

 arranged, thin, obtuse, persistent. [Name ancient.] 



About 1 8 species, of the north temperate and subarctic zones. Besides the following, 5 others 

 occur in the northwestern parts of North America. Type species: Picea Abies (L.) Karst., of 

 Europe, which is much planted for ornament and is reported as spontaneous in Connecticut. 

 Twigs and sterigmata glabrous, glaucous ; cones oblong-cylindric. i. P. canadensis. 



Twigs pubescent, brown ; cones ovoid or oval. 



Leaves glaucous ; cones persistent. 2. P. mariana. 



Leaves not glaucous ; cones deciduous. 3. P. ntbens. 



