526 



TRILLIACEAE. 



VOL. I. 



8. Trillium cernuum L. Nodding Wake- 

 robin. Fig. 1306. 



Trillium cernuum L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753. 



Stem usually slender, 8'-2o' high. Leaves similar 

 to those of the preceding species, broadly rhombic, 

 acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, sessile, 

 or with the petioles i"-a" long; peduncles -i 

 long, recurved beneath the leaves, the flower 

 drooping; sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, 6"-i2" long; petals white or pink, ovate- 

 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rolled backward, 

 wavy-margined, equalling the sepals, or a little 

 longer; anthers about as long as the subulate fila- 

 ments ; ovary whitish ; styles rather stout, recurved ; 

 berry ovoid, red-purple, pendulous, 8"-io" long. 



In rich woods, Newfoundland to Ontario and Mani- 

 toba, south to Georgia and Missouri. Ground-lily. 

 Cough-root. Rattlesnake-root. Jewsharp-plant. White 

 benjamin. Snake-bite. April-June. 



9. Trillium undulatum Willd. Painted Wake- 

 robin. Fig. 1307. 



Trillium undulatum Willd. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Nat. Fr. 



Berlin 3 : 422. 1801. 

 Trillium erythrocarpum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 216. 1803. 



Stem usually slender, 8'-2 high. Leaves ovate, 3'-S' 

 long, 2'-$' wide, petioled, long-acuminate at the apex, 

 obtuse or rounded at the base; petioles 2"-io" long; 

 flowers peduncled, erect or somewhat inclined, \'-2\' 

 long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 9"-is" long, spread- 

 ing; petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or 

 acute, white with purple veins or stripes, thin, longer 

 than the sepals, widely spreading, wavy-margined ; 

 anthers about equalling the filaments; styles slender; 

 berry ovoid, obtuse, bluntly 3-angled, bright red, shin- 

 ing, 6"-io" in diameter. 



In woods, Nova Scotia to Ontario and Wisconsin, south 

 to Georgia and Missouri. Ascends to 5600 ft. in Virginia. 

 Wild pepper. Sarah. Benjamin. May-June. 



1799. 



Family 25. SMILACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2 : 146. 

 SMILAX FAMILY. 



Mostly vines, with woody or herbaceous, often prickly stems. Leaves alter- 

 nate, netted-veined, usually punctate or lineolate, several-nerved, petioled. Petiole 

 sheathing, bearing a pair of slender tendril-like appendages (stipules?), persistent, 

 the blade falling away. Flowers small, mostly green, dioecious, in axillary umbels. 

 Perianth-segments 6. Stamens mostly 6, distinct ; filaments ligulate ; anthers basi- 

 fixed, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary 3-celled, the cavities opposite the inner perianth- 

 segments ; ovules I or 2 in each cavity, orthotropous, suspended ; style very short 

 or none ; stigmas 1-3. Fruit a globose berry containing 1-6 seeds. Seeds brown- 

 ish ; endosperm horny, copious ; embryo small, oblong, remote from the hilum. 



Genera 3 ; species about 200, in warm and temperate regions ; only the following in North America. 



i. SMILAX L. Sp. PI. 1028. 1753. 



Rootstocks usually very large and tuberous, stems usually twining, and climbing by 

 means of the spirally coiling appendages of the petiole. Lower leaves reduced to scales; 

 upper leaves entire or lobed. Flowers regular. Perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. 

 Pedicels borne on a globose or conic receptacle, inserted in small pits, generally among 

 minute bractlets. Filaments inserted on the bases of the perianth-segments. Staminate 

 flowers without an ovary. Pistillate flowers usually smaller than the staminate, with an 



* Text contributed to the first edition by the late Rev. THOMAS MORONG. 



