6i6 



FAGACEAE. 



VOL. I. 



2. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. 

 Fig- 



Chinquapin. 



Fagus pumila, L. Sp. PI. 998. 1753. 



Castanea pumila Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 8, no. 2. 1768. 



A shrub or small tree, sometimes 45 high and with 

 Leaves oblong, acute at both ends, sharply serrate with 

 a trunk 3 in diameter, the young shoots puberulent. 

 ascending or divergent teeth, dark green and glabrous 

 above, densely white-tomentulose beneath, 3'-6' long, 

 i'-2i' wide; staminate aments erect or somewhat 

 spreading, 3'-$' long, 3 "-4" in diameter; burs i in 

 diameter or less, commonly spicate, enclosing a soli- 

 tary ovoid brown nut (rarely 2) ; seed very sweet. 



In dry soil, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Missouri, 

 Florida and Texas. Wood strong, coarse-grained, dark 

 brown ; weight per cubic foot 37 Ibs. June. Nuts ripe Sept. 



3. QUERCUS (Tourn.) L. Sp. PL 994. 1753. 



Trees or shrubs, with pinnatifid lobed dentate crenate or entire leaves, deciduous or in 

 some species persistent. Flowers very small, green or yellowish, appearing with or before 

 the leaves, the staminate numerous in slender mostly drooping aments, the pistillate soli- 

 tary in many-bracted involucres borne on the twigs of the preceding season or on the young 

 shoots. Staminate flowers subtended by caducous bracts, consisting of a mostly 6-lobed 

 campanulate perianth and 3-12 stamens with filiform filaments, sometimes also with an abor- 

 tive pilose ovary. Pistillate flowers involucrate,with an urn-shaped or oblong calyx, adnate 

 to a mostly 3-celled ovary; ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary, rarely more than I in each 

 ovary maturing; styles as many as the ovary-cavities, short, erect or recurved. Fruit con- 

 sisting of the imbricated and more or less united bracts of the involucre (cup), subtending or 

 nearly enclosing the ovoid, oblong or subglobose i-seeded coriaceous nut (acorn). [The 

 ancient Latin name, probably of Celtic derivation, signifying "beautiful tree."] 



About 220 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, some 40 others 

 occur in the western and southern sections of North America. Our species hybridize freely. Type 

 species : Quercus Robur L. 



* Leaves or their lobes bristle-tipped, deciduous; acorns maturing in autumn of second year. 



t Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. 



Leaves green on both sides. 



Cup of the acorn saucer-shaped, much broader than high. 

 Cup 8"-i2" broad; acorn ovoid; leaves dull. 

 Cup 4"-8" broad ; leaves shining. 



Acorn subglobose or short-ovoid ; northern. 

 Acorn ovoid ; southern. 

 Cup of the acorn turbinate or hemispheric. 



Inner bark gray to reddish ; leaves deeply lobed. 

 Leaves dull, not shining, pale beneath. 

 Leaves shining above. 



Cup of acorn 5"-?" wide. 

 Cup of acorn 8"-i2" wide. 



Inner bark orange ; leaves pubescent in the axils of the veins beneath. 

 Leaves white or gray-tomentulose beneath. 



Large tree ; leaf-lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, long. 

 Leaves rounded or obtuse at the base, 3-s-lobed. 

 Leaves cuneate, obtuse or truncate at the base, 5-11 -lobed. 

 Shrub or low tree ; leaf-lobes triangular-ovate, short. 



1. Q. r libra. 



2. Q. palustris. 



3. Q. Sclmeckii. 



4. Q. borealis. 



5. Q. ellipsoidalis. 



6. Q. coccinea. 



7. Q. velutina. 



8. Q. triloba. 

 g. Q. pagodaefolia. 

 10. Q. nana. 



ft Leaves 3-5-lobed above the middle or entire, obovate or spatulate in outline. 



Leaves obovate-cuneate, brown-floccose beneath. n. Q.marilandica. 



Leaves spatulate to obovate, glabrous both sides. 12. Q.nigra. 



ttt Leaves entire, oblong, lanceolate or linear-oblong (sometimes lobed in no. 14). 



Leaves linear-oblong, green and glabrous on both sides. 13. Q.Phellos. 



Leaves oblong, glabrous, dark green and shining above. 14. Q.laurifolia. 



Leaves oblong or lanceolate, brown-tomentulose beneath. 15. Q. imbricaria. 



