GENUS 3. 



BEECH FAMILY. 



619 



6. Quercus coccinea Wang. Scarlet 

 Oak. Fig. 1519. 



Q. coccinea Wang. Amer. 44. pi. 4. f. 9. 1787. 



A forest tree, attaining a maximum height 

 of about 160, the trunk diameter some- 

 times 5; inner bark pale reddish or gray; 

 foliage turning scarlet in autumn. Leaves 

 deeply pinnatifid, glabrous, bright green and 

 shining above, paler and sometimes pubes- 

 cent in the axils of the veins beneath, 4-8' 

 long, rather thin, the lobes oblong or lan- 

 ceolate, divergent or ascending, few-toothed, 

 the teeth and apices bristle-tipped ; fruit 

 maturing in the autumn of the second sea- 

 son ; styles slender, recurved-spreading; cup 

 hemispheric or top-shaped, its bracts trian- 

 gular-lanceolate, appressed or the upper 

 slightly squarrose, mostly glabrous ; acorn 

 ovoid or ovoid-globose, 6"-io" high, about 

 twice as long as the cup. 



In dry soil, Maine and Ontario to Minne- 

 sota, North Carolina and Missouri. Wood 

 hard, strong, light brown or red ; weight 46 Ibs. 

 per cubic foot. May-June. Acorns ripe Sept.- 

 Oct. Black, red or Spanish oak. 



Quercus velutina Lam. Black Oak. 



Quercitron. Fig. 1520. 



Quercus velutina Lam. Encycl. i : 721. 1783. 



Q. tinctpria Bartram, Travels, 37. Name only. 1791. 



Q. coccinea var. tinctoria A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 454. 1867. 



A large forest tree, similar to Q. coccinea, maxi- 

 mum height about 150, trunk diameter 5 ; outer 

 bark very dark brown, rough in low ridges, the in- 

 ner bright orange. Leaves pinnatifid or lobed to 

 beyond the middle, firm, brown-pubescent or some- 

 times stellate-pubescent when young, when mature 

 glabrous and dark dull green above, pale green and 

 usually pubescent on the veins beneath, the broad 

 oblong or triangular-lanceolate lobes and their teeth 

 bristle-tipped; fruit maturing in the autumn of the 

 second season ; cup hemispheric or top-shaped, |'-i' 

 broad, commonly narrowed into a short stalk, its 

 bracts mostly pubescent, the upper somewhat squar- 

 rose; acorn ovoid, i'-i' high, longer than the cup. 



Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Texas. 

 Wood reddish-brown ; weight per cubic foot 44 Ibs. 

 May-June. Consists of several ra_ces differing in leaf- 

 lobing, amount of pubescence and size of acorns. Dyer's 

 or spotted oak. Yellow-bark oak. 



8. Quercus triloba Michx. Spanish or 

 Water Oak. Fig. 1521. 



Quercus nigra digitata Marsh. Arb. Am. 121. 1785. 



Suercus triloba Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. pi. 26. 1801. 

 . falcata Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 16. pi. 28. 1801. 

 Quercus digitata Sudw. Card. & For. 5: 99. 1892. 



A tree, with maximum height of about 95, 

 and trunk diameter of 5. Leaves dark green 

 and glabrous above, gray-tomentulose beneath, 

 deeply pinnatifid into 3-7 linear or lanceolate, 

 often falcate, acuminate, entire or dentate lobes ; 

 teeth and apices bristle-tipped ; terminal lobes 

 commonly elongated ; styles slender ; fruit ma- 

 turing during the second autumn ; cup saucer- 

 shaped with a turbinate base, s"~7" broad, its 

 bracts ovate, obtuse, appressed ; acorn subglobose 

 or depressed, about twice as high as the cup. 



In dry soil, Long Island( ?), New Jersey to Florida, 

 Indiana, Missouri and Texas. Wood hard, strong, 

 reddish-brown ; weight per cubic foot 43 Ibs. May- 

 June. Acorns ripe Sept.-Oct. Red or turkey-oak. 



