GENUS 11. 



BUCKWHEAT FAMILY. 



6 75 



4. Tiniaria dumetorum (L.) Opiz. Copse or Hedge Buckwheat. Fig. 1653. 



Polygonum dumetorum L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 522. 1762. 

 Tiniaria dumetorum Opiz, Seznam 98. 1852. 



Perennial, glabrous, similar to the preceding spe- 

 cies, stem extensively twining, 2-i2 long, striate, 

 much branched. Leaves ovate or somewhat has- 

 tate, and sometimes inequilateral, acuminate at the 

 apex, cordate at the base, i'-2i" long, long-peti- 

 oled, or the upper smaller and nearly sessile; ocreae 

 oblique, smooth ; racemes mostly axillary, numer- 

 ous, much interrupted, leafy-bracted, 2'-$' long; 

 flowers yellowish-green, pendulous; calyx 5-parted, 

 the three outer segments winged or keeled and much 

 enlarged in fruit; stamens 8; style short, 3-parted; 

 fruiting calyx 3"-4" long, the wings nearly flat, not 

 incised ; achene oblong, 3-angled, 2" long, inclined to 

 be pointed at both ends, black, smooth, shining. 



About thickets and in woods, locally throughout the 

 northeastern United States. Naturalized from Europe. 

 False buckwheat. July-Sept. 



5. Tiniaria cristata (Engelm. & Gray) Small. 



Fig. 1654. 



Crested False Buckwheat. 



Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Journ. 



Nat. Hist. 5 : 259. 1847. 

 Tiniaria cristata Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 382. 1903. 



Perennial, scurfy, stem slender, twining, 2-io 

 long, more or less branched. Leaves triangular 

 or ovate, i'-s' long, acuminate at the apex, undu- 

 late, truncate or cordate at the base, rather long- 

 petioled ; ocreae cylindric funnelform ; flowers in 

 axillary simple or compound often naked ra- 

 cemes i'-s' long ; pedicels about 2$" long, jointed 

 near the middle ; calyx greenish-white, 2"-2" 

 long, 5-parted to near the base, the 3 outer seg- 

 ments keeled and at maturity winged ; stamens 

 8, included ; style none ; stigmas 3 ; fruiting calyx 

 3 "-4" long, its wings incised; achene 3-angled, 

 oblong, black, smooth, shining, about li" long. 



Sandy woods and rocky banks, Massachusetts to 

 Florida, Oklahoma and Texas. Aug.-Oct. This may 

 be a form of the preceding species. 



12. PLEUROPTERUS Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 2I 1 : 587. 1848. 



Perennial, often large, many-stemmed herbs with wide-spreading rootstocks, the very 

 stout stems hollow. Leaves alternate, broad, commonly large, usually truncate or cordate 

 at the base, petioled. Ocreae oblique, fugacious as in Rumex. Flowers numerous, in short, 

 axillary, sessile or nearly sessile panicles with short spreading branches. Sepals mostly 5, 

 pale, usually white, enveloping the achene, the 3 outer ones winged at maturity, the wings 

 firm. Stamens 6-8, included ; filaments slender. Styles 3, short, distinct. Achenes 3-angled. 

 much shorter than the sepal-wings. [Greek, referring to the calyx-wings.] 



About 4 species, natives of eastern Asia. Type species: Pleuropterus cordatus Turcz. = Poly- 

 gonum multifldritm Thunb. 



