^4 T^^^e Demesne, 1270 — 1307. [ch. 



spring of 1273 they spent nine weeks there\ and the very large 

 number of retainers and of horses that they brought with them 

 were a heavy charge upon the estate ^ 



Besides the bailiff, some eight or nine servants of inferior rank 

 lived in the manor court^. These were four plowmen, a carter, a 

 cowherd, a swineherd, a dairymaid, and, during three or four months 

 in the year, a harrower. From year to year there was some change in 

 the number of these servants. Sometimes no pigs were kept, and the 

 swineherd was not needed. In the later years of the period, a few 

 servants were added to those already enumerated — a grangiarms"^, a 

 warrener^, and a second maid who prepared the servants' pottage". 



Unlike the bailiff, who received money wages, these servants were 

 chiefly paid in kind, and thus directly maintained from the produce 

 of the estate. Their wages varied slightly in different years, but, as a 

 rule, the grangiarius was allowed a quarter of wheat every eight 

 weeks ^ the warrener a quarter of wheat every ten weeks, throughout 

 the year^ Each of the plowmen and the carter had a quarter of 

 barley every twelve weeks, besides which they together consumed 

 during the year twelve bushels of oats made into pottage^. The daye 

 and cowherd were allowed a quarter of barley every fourteen weeks^^ 

 the swineherd every sixteen weeks". The money wages of plowmen 

 and carter were ^s. yearly ^2; the daye and cowherd received u. a year^=^. 

 From 1272-1293 the miller was a stipendiary of the lord, though 

 not resident within the court. He received 2s}^, later u,, and, ap- 

 parently, an allowance of grain** annuall}^ ; and his house was repaired 

 at the lord's expense. After 1300 the mill was 'farmed' and the 

 miller no longer received a fee. 



Certain tenants of the manor were elected or appointed from year 



^ Appendix VIII., xxxvi. 



2 Appendix VIII., xxxv.-xxxvii. The Earl seems also to have been at Forncett in 

 1 28 1-2, 1285-6, 1292-3 and 1299-1300. 



^ As there is frequent mention of the domus fanmlorum, which was situated near the camera 

 servientis in the manor court ; and as a maid was hired by the year to prepare pottage for the 

 famuli, it seems probable that the plowmen and carter at least, the principal famuli, were 

 unmarried men, resident within the court ; but see Rogers, Agric. and Prices, i. 286-289. 



•» Min. Acc'ts, 935/12. ^ Min. Acc'ts, 935/12, 935/13. 



* Min. Acc'ts, 935/14- 



■^ Min. Acc'ts, 935/12. In Bishop Grossteste's household, one quarter of wheat made 

 180 loaves, weighing five marks (2I lbs.) each. Walter of Henley, 139. 



8 Min. Acc'ts, 935/13. But in some years the warrener's fees were similar in kind to those 

 of the bailiff. Thus, in 1303, he received the yearly wage of 45^. 6d. and a robe worth \y. ^d. 



9 Appendix VIII., xxxvii. 



10 Appendix VIII., xxxvii. Cf. Walter of Henley, 73-5. 



" Min. Acc'ts, 935/16. ^^ Appendix VIII., xxxiii. 



1^ Appendix VIII., xxxiv. 



