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LABORATORY COURSE IN SERUM STUDY 



Each student tests one specimen of serum against 10 different indi- 

 viduals' red cells. Make a control of each serum with its own red cells. 

 Lay all the pipettes on their sides on a tray and incubate at 37.5 C. 

 for one hour. Then make observations for haemolysis or agglutination 

 and make the results of all the tests into a table to illustrate Land- 

 steiner's law of the groupings of human isoagglutination. 



The accompanying table shows actual tests of the blood of four 

 patients in hospital wards who needed transfusion and the blood of 

 11 prospective donors. The letters Y, H, T and E represent the pa- 

 tients. "-}-" marks indicate agglutination. "0" indicates absence 

 agglutination and haemolysis, "h" indicates haemolysis. The vertical 

 column under " Serum" indicates that the serum of the patient is mixed 

 with the cells of each of the donors whose numbers are in the column 

 to the left. The vertical column under "Cells" indicates that the cells 

 of the patient are mixed with the serum of each of the donors whose 

 numbers are in the column to the left. 



It will be noted that for Patient Y donors 3 and 5 are available. 

 For patients H, T and E donors 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11 are available. 



It is obvious also, if one wishes to study the results a little more 

 closely, that the patients H, T and E belong to Landsteiner's group 1, 

 as their red cells are not agglutinable. To the same group, of course, 

 belong donors 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11. 



Patient Y and the rest of the donors must belong to the other groups, 

 and it is obvious, of course, that patient Y belongs to the same group 

 as donors 3 and 5 because their bloods do not interagglutinate. 



If patient Y and donors 3 and 5 belong to group 2, then donors 7, 8, 



