HEALTH AND WELL-BEING 23 



operations that his instruments, his person, and his clothing 

 are sterilized. . 



"First aid" treatment for the wounded, whether on the 

 battlefield or elsewhere, seeks by the use of antiseptic treat- 

 ments at once, and before removal to any hospital, to pre- 

 vent the infection of the wound, i.e., the introduction into 

 it of germs. What is the explanation of pus formation in a 

 wound? What in general may be considered one of the 

 chief functions of the skin? 



5. In what ways other than through breaks in this 

 protective covering of the body may germs be introduced 

 within the body? In what several ways may the presence 

 of the long-lived typhoid germs be accounted for (a) in the 

 water from wells and from city water systems ; (b) in milk 

 for family use and for sale ; (c) in fruits purchased in market 

 and vegetables gathered in a home garden ? What part are 

 flies believed to play in the spread of typhoid ? 



6. W 7 here germs causing disease are communicated by 

 contact with infected persons or their clothing, the disease 

 is spoken of as contagious. Many communicable dis- 

 eases may be classed as both contagious and infectious. 

 What precautions are usually enforced to prevent the spread 

 of smallpox and diphtheria (dif-the'ri-a) as contagious dis- 

 eases? In cities and towns, who has the responsibility and 

 the power to enforce regulations to this end ? Why are 

 the periods of quarantine for different contagious diseases of 

 different lengths? What does the physician do to avoid 

 carrying contagious disease ? 



7. In order to avoid infection various means are employed 

 to destroy the germs likely to be present in the clothing, and 



