108 LABORATORY LESSONS IN GENERAL SCIENCE 



3. Does the main stem of the elm usually continue up- 

 ward through the tree top or subdivide into large limbs? 

 Is the growth of small twigs (the "spray ") usually scanty 



or abundant ? What bearing has 

 this on the elm as a shade tree ? 

 In general are the outer branches 

 rigid or drooping? 



4. From a study of elm leaves * 

 state (a) whether the leafstems 

 (petioles) below the broad blades 

 are long or short ; (6) what the 

 general shape of the blade is; 

 (c) what kind of margin the leaf 

 has ; (d) what difference there is 

 in the feeling of the upper and 

 the lower surfaces ; (e) what is a 



noticeable characteristic of the two sides of the blade; 

 (/) just how the leaves are- arranged along the stem. 



5. After an examination of the buds on some of the small 

 branches of the elm tree, state (a) their relative locations on 

 the stems, and their location with reference to the places of 

 leaves (or leaf scars) ; (6) their general form ; (c) what their 

 outer covering is, and what is found within the bud. 



6. Pick out elm seeds from a mixed lot of seeds of trees, 

 and examine them closely. Make a drawing of a cluster of 

 elm seeds. 



Learn the appearance of the flowers of the elm tree (from 

 pictures if necessary). State their location on the stems with 

 reference to the leaves. Be on the lookout in the springtime 



FIG. 50. A tree in winter. 



Use good cuts in books if necessary. 



