Panicum.] CLXXIII. GRAMINE^E. (J. D. Hooker.) 31 



calycitmm, Steud. Norn. Ed. IT, ii. 257. P. hispidulum, Lamk. Encycl. iv. 

 741 (non Del.) ; Eetz Obs. v. 18; Roxb. Fl Ind. i. 303 (fid. Ic. Pict.}{ Wall. 

 Cat. 8688 A. ; Wight Cat. n. 2042 ; Steud. Syn. Gram. 47 ; Franch. & Sav. 

 I. c. 160. P. hispidum, Forst. Prodr. 7 ; Nees Agrost. Bras. 257. P. horri- 

 dum, Saltzm. ex Steud. I. c. 47. P. Hosti, Bieb. 1. c. P. limosum, Presl 

 ex Nees I.e. P. longisetum, Torr. in Am. Journ. Sc. Ser. I iv. (1822) 58. 

 P. mirabile, Braun Del. Sem. Sort. Carlsruhe (1846). P. muricatum, 

 Michir. Fl. Bor. Am. \. 47. P. oryzinum, Gmel. Syst. i. 157; A. Braun in 

 Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1851. P. pilosum, Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 

 98. P. Babulicolum, Nees Agrost. Bras. 258. P. scabrum, Lamk. III. i. 

 171 ; Wight Cat. n. 1648; Steud. I. c. 47. P. stagninum, Retz. Obs. v. 17 ; 

 Host Gram. Austr. iii. t. 51 ; Koen. in Naturf. I. c. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 

 295 ; Nees in Mart. I c. 26 ; Griff. Notul. iii. 17 ; Wall. Cat. n. 8688 ; 

 Wight Cat. n. 1649. P. Walteri, Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. i. 66. Oplis- 

 menns Ous-galli, Dum. Obs. Gram. Belg. 138; Kunth Revis. Gram. i. 44, 

 Enum. PI. i. 143 ; Host 1. c. ii. t. 19 ; Trin. Sp. Gram. Ic. t. 161 ; Dalz. <$f 

 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 292. O. Crus-pavonis, H. B. &. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. 

 108. O ? duhius, Kunth Rev. Gram. i. 44, Enum. i. 143. O. limosns, 

 Presl ReL Hsenk. i. 321 ; Kunth Enum. i. 144. O. longisetus, Kunth 

 Revis. Gram. 1. c. O. muricatus, Kunth I. c. 44. O. sabulicolup, Kunth 

 Enum. i. 145. 0. scaber, Kunth Rev. Gram. i. 44. O. stagninus, Kunth 

 Revis. I. c., Enum. I. c. ; Dalz. & Gibs. I. c. ; Aitchis. Cat. Punjab PI. 161 ; 

 Mlq. 1. c. 464. Echinochloa comirmtata, Schult. Mant. ii. 267. E. Cms corvi^ 

 Beauv. Agrost. 53. E. Crus-galli, Beauv. 1. c. ; T. Nees Gen. Fl. Germ. - 

 Monocot. I t. 21 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 29. E. ? dubia, Roem & Sch. Syst. 

 i. 479. E. hispida, Schult. 1. c. E. hispidula, Nees in Roi/le 11. Bot. Himal. 

 416, 420; Dalz. $ Gibs. I.e. Suppl. 98. E. stagnina, 'Beauv. 1. c. Ortho- 

 pogon Crus-galli & Retzii, Spreng. Syst. i. 307. Ischsemum abbreviatum 

 & tasciculatum, Herb. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. n. 8688. Digitaria hispidula, 

 Wilid. Enum. Hort. Berol. 91. Milium Crus-galli, Moench. Meth. 202. 



Throughout INDIA, especially in wet places and rich soils DISTEIB. all warm 

 countries. 



Annual. Stem 1-3 ft., stout or slender, erect or decumbent below, simple or 

 branched. Leives flat, up to an inch broad, glabrous or hairy ; ligule 0. Raceme 

 4-8 in., usually inclined, or drooping. Spikes sessile or subsessile, upper gradually 

 shorter, erect erecto-patent or rarely decurved. Spikelets densely packed in 3-5 rows, 

 turgid ; gl. I not awned ; II and 111 subequal, usually 5-nerved, awn of III some- 

 times 1J in. long ; IV from orbicular to broadly oblong. Amongst the innumerable 

 varieties of P. Crus-galli, I h'nd it impossible to find characters constant enough for 

 their limitation. Of exceptional states one with almost glabrous spikes is Echi- 

 nochloa glabrescens (Munro mss.) ; it has large spikelets and cuspidate gls. It is 

 Wallich's n. 8687 E. B. C. H., and has been collected in the Western Himalaya, 

 Khasia Hills and elsewhere. Another is Ischaemum glabrescens, Hani, ex Wall. Cat. 

 n. 8688 D, with the stem nearly as thick as the little finger, solitary or 2-nate 

 spikes, and spikelets with tubercle-based bristles. Thwaites CP. 900 and 3237, from 

 Ceylon is a third, it has very broad leaves, and the rachis of the spikes is villously 

 hairy. P. mirabile, Braun, is a remarkable plant, with 3-fld spikelets, the lower 

 fl. paleate and neuter, two upper hermaphrodite. Some forms with cuspidate, very 

 short y awned spikelets pass into P. colonttm, through var. frumentaceum, and 

 it is not unlikely that some of the synonyms placed under P. Crus-galli should be 

 transferred to P. colonum, and vice versa. 



VsLr.frum(ntaceiir>i; tall, robust, spikes thickened incurved sometimes corymbose 

 with densely crowded unawned spikelets, otherwise as P. Crus-galli. P. frumenta- 

 ceum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 304; Schult. Mant. ii. 230; Trin. Sp. Gram. Ic. t. 164; 

 Diss. ii. 132 ; Wall. Cat. n. 8686; Wight Cat. h. 1617 ; Duthie Grass. N.W. Ind. 4, 



