Apocopis.'] CLXXIII. GRAMINE^. (J. D. Hooker.) 143 



Stem tall, erect like A. Royleanus, or low and densely tufted. Leaves 1-3 in., 

 glabrous or hairy. Spikes -H i Q -j slender or stout. Spikelets %- in. ; gl. I 

 yellow with red-brown tips, or dark brown with yellowish tips, glabrous or clothed 

 with red-brown shiny hairs, tips retuse ciliate with minute or long hairs ; II 

 3-nerved or nerveless, sides sharply inflected, angles smooth or scabrid; III nearly 

 = I, tip ciliolate ; IV very narrowly oblong or almost linear, awn two to six timea 

 as long as the spikelet ; palea very short and convolute. Very variable, and 

 doubtfully separable from Royleanus which is stouter with stouter spikes. Wight's 

 original specimen (Cat. n. 2352) is 18-20 in. high, very slender, leafy upwards, 

 with slender pale spikes, and glabrous gl. I; it strongly resembles some specimens 

 of Royleanus, and is I suspect perennial. This and a var. zeylanicus (Wightii, 

 Thw.) with more hairy, darker gl. I, forms Hackel's Subsp. genuinus. His Subsp. 

 mangalurensis includes short densely tufted states, with shorter red-brown densely 

 hairy and long-ciliate gl. I ; it is the common Deccan form, and includes Thwaites' 



A. Beckettii. The difference between the narrow gl. IV of all states of A. 



i, and the much broader hyaline one of A. Royleanus, is one of degree only. 

 Var. vaginata ; spikes more or less included in the long spathiform sheaths of 

 the uppermost^ leaves. A. vaginatus, Hack, in (Estr. Sot. Zeitschr.\li. (1891) 8. 

 Hazaribagh, Clarke. 



3. A. pallida, Hook.f. ; annual, gl. IV reduced to a slender awn. 



NILGHIEI HILLS, Foulkes. 



Stems slender, stiff, widely creeping and rooting, with short geniculately ascend- 

 ing flg. branches, 2-6 in. high. Leaves 1-2 in., linear, acuminate, smooth, sparsely 

 hairy, margins thickened, subscaberulous ; sheath open ; ligule 0. Spikes -1 in. 

 in. diam., very pale ; rachis slender, ciliate. Spikelets ^ in.; gl. 1 broadly cunei- 

 form, ciliate with long hairs, 7-9-nerved ; II oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, lateral nerves 

 submarginal, keels ciliate ; III oblong or lanceolate, glabrous, nerveless ; IV awn 

 -|-1 in., brown, not dilated at the base ; palea 0. Pedicelled spikelets, gl. I spathulate, 

 truncate, villous, sides recurved ; II as in the sessile spikelets. 



41. ARTHRAXON, Beauv. 



Annual or perennial slender grasses. Leaves short, broad, deeply 

 cordate. SpiJcele.ts 1-fld., solitary or with a rudimentary pedicelled 

 second, sessile on binate digitate or fascicled jointed spikes. Glumes 4, 

 I largest, usually strongly tubercled, not embracing the inner ; II keeled, 

 3-iierved ; III small, hyaline ; IV shortest, lanceolate, keeled, hyaline, 

 with usually a long dorsal or basal awn ; palea minute or 0. Lodicules 

 subquadrate. Stamens 2-3. Styles short or 0, stigmas long, laterally 

 exserted. Grain narrowly linear. Species 8, tropics of Old World. 



Sect. I. PLEUROPLITIS. Joints of rachis of spike rectangularly trun- 

 cate. 



* Stamens 3, anthers large, nearly as long as gl. IV. 



1. A. lanceolatus, Hochst. in Flora, xxxix. (1856) 188 ; spikelets 

 linear-lanceolate, gl. I linear dorsally convex smooth margins hyaline 

 inflexed, marginal nerves armed with very strong curved teeth. Sack. 

 Monogr. Androp. 347; \Duthie Grass. N.W. Ind. 17. A. echinatus & 

 serrulatus, Hochst. I. c. Batratherurn echinatum, Nees in Edinb. Phil. 

 Journ. xviii. (1835) 181 ; Wall. Gat. n. 8829 j Aitchis. Cat. Panjab PI. 174. 



B. lanceolatum, Nees 1. c. ; Wight Gat. n. 1684. B. serrulatum, Hochst. 

 ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 458. Andropogon echinatus, Herb. Heyne 

 ex Wall. Gat. n. 8829 ; Steud. Nom. Ed. II. i. 191 ; Edgew. in Journ. As. Soc. 



