278 CLXXIII. GBAMINE^E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Avena. 



lower horizontally spreading, spikelets f in. long, glumes opaque all with 

 very strong close-set raised nerves, I 1-3-nerved, II 5-nerved, fl. gls. 

 ovate- lanceolate tip 2-dentate 7-9-nerved, keels of palea pectinately 

 cilia te. 



NILGHIBI HILLS; Dodabetta, alt. 8000 ft, Gamble. 



Stem 2-3 fb., rather stout, strict. Leaves strict, narrow, convolute; sheaths 

 deeply grooved, lower sparsely hairy; ligule very short, truncate. Panicle 8 in., 

 and nearly as broad; branches 2-3-nate, smooth. Spikelets reddish -brown. 

 Possibly only a state of aspera, as more specimens may prove ; but of a very different 

 habit and conspicuous for the large spikelets and opaque ribbed glumes. 



Sect. IY. Perennials. Spikelets erect. Fl. gls. 3-5-nerved. Ovary 

 quite glabrous. 



7. A. subspicata, Clairv. Man. Herb. 17 ; pubescent or tomentose, 

 ligule oblong, panicle spiciform or ovoid strict erect dense-fld. rarely effuse, 

 spikelets -5 in. 2-3-fld. ovoid-oblong very shortly pedicelled, gl. I and II 

 subequal or II longest, fl. gls. ovate or ovate-lanceolate 2-cuspidate or 

 shortly 2-aristate 1- or faintly 3-nerved, awn reflexed rather longer than 

 the gl. Svensk Bot. t. 722 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. 98 ; Griseb. in Goett. 

 Nachr. (1868) 78 ; Ledeb. FL Ross. iv. 418. A. airoides, Koel. Gram. Gall. 

 & Germ. 208. A. mollis, Mich. Fl. Am. Bor. i. 72. A. phleoides, Urv. in 

 Mem. Linn. Soc. Par. iv. (1826) 601. A. toluccensis, H.B.&K. Nov. 

 Gen. $ Sp. i- 148. Trisetum airoides, Roem. fy Sch. Syst. ii. 666. T. an- 

 dinum, Benih. PI. Hartw. 261 ; Steud. 1. c. 228. T. antarcticum, Trin. in 

 Mem. Acad. Petersb. Ser. VI. i. (1831) 61 (non Nees). T. groenlandicum & 

 labradoricum, Steud. Syn. Gram. 228. T. molle, Kunth Rev. Gram. i. 101, 

 Enum. PL i. 296 ; Torrey Fl. N. York, ii. 452, t. 154 ; Steud. 1. c. T. 

 phleoides, J.unth 1. 1. c. 101, 295 (non Trin.). T. spiciforme, Dulac Fl. 

 Haut. Pyren. 86. T. subspicatum, Beauv. Agrost. 88; Kunth Enum. i. 

 295, Suppl. 248 ; Duthie Grass. N. W. Ind. 31 ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 244 ; 

 Hook.f.Fl.Antarct. i. 97, ii. 396, Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 335; Benth. Fl. 

 Austral, vii. 588 ; Steud 1. c. 225. T. toluccense, Kunth Revis. L c. 297, 

 t. 60, Enum. L c. 296 ; Steud. I. c. Aira spicata, Linn. Sp. PL Ed. II. 95 

 (non Ed. I.) ; FL Dan. t. 228. Aira subspicata, Linn. Syst. Ed. X. 873 ; 

 Host Gram. Austr. ii. 33, t. 45 ; Wulf. in Jacq. Collect, iii. 1. 19, f . 3. Koeleria 

 aristata, Loisel. FL Gall. Ed. II. i. 66. K. spicata, Willk. & Lange Prodr. 

 Fl. Hisp. i. 72. K. subspicata, Mart, ex Reichb. FL Germ. Excurs. 49. 



ALPINE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA and TIBET, alt. 10-18,000 ft. (18,500 ft. in 

 Kunawur, Jacquemont). DISTRIB. Alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic regions. 



Stems densely tufted, 6-24 in., strict, stout or slender, always pubescent or 

 tomentose. Leaves flat, soft, hairy, rarely glabrate, lower sheaths loose. Panicle 

 2-4 in., from shortly oblong to cylindric, rarely interrupted or lobed with a few 

 very short spreading lower branches. Spikelets yellowish-green, purplish, or white, 

 densely imbricating ; rachilla short, hairy ; gl. I and II more or less unequal, nearly 

 as long as III, keels scaberulous; I 1-nerved ; II 3-nerved; fl. gls. glabrous or 

 puberulous, tip sometimes almost entire ; callus bearded ; awn inserted - way below 

 the tip, column slightly twisted but sometimes awn shorter than the gl. and straight j 

 keels of palea scabrid. Lodicules oblong, 2-fid. Anthers short. Ovary fusiform, 

 glabrous. Grain fusiform, compressed. 



8. A. Clarkel, Hook. f. ; stem very slender and branches of panicle 

 pubescent or tomentose, ligule very short, panicle slender spiciform inter- 

 rupted, spikelets narrow - J- in. 2-3-fld. glabrous sessile or shortly pedi- 

 celled, gl. I and II unequal, fl. gls. narrowly lanceolate acuminate tip 



