8 POLYPODIACEAE. 



14. FILIX. 



Delicate rock- ferns; leaves 2-3-pinnate or pinnatifid ; leaf- 

 stalks slender; fruit-dots round, borne on the backs of the veins; 

 indusium attached by a broad base on the inner side partly under 

 the fruit dot, early opening and withering away. 



Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Bladder Fern. Rootstock short; petioles 10- 

 20 cm. long; blades thin, oblong-lanceolate, only slightly tapering below, 10-25 

 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, 2-3-pinnatifid or pinnate; leaflets lanceolate-ovate, 

 irregularly pinnatifid with bluntly or sharply-toothed segments along the mar- 

 gined or winged rachis; texture membranous. 



On moist cliffs in the mountains, rare in our limits. Alaska to California, 

 eastward to Labrador. Eurasia. 



15. WOODSIA. 



Small or medium sized ferns, growing in rocky places; leaves 

 once or twice pinnate or pinnatifid; fruit dots round, borne on 

 the backs of simply forked free veins; indusium attached under 

 the fruit dot, round or star-shaped, delicate, early withering. 



Leaves glabrous or nearly so; lobes of the indusium hair-like. W. oregana. 

 Leaves viscid-puberulent; lobes of the indusium broader at base. W. scopulina. 



Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton. Rootstock short; petioles glabrous, not 

 jointed, brownish below; blades glabrous or slightly roughened, 5-28 cm. long, 

 elliptic-lanceolate, the sterile shorter than the fertile; pinnae triangular- 

 oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid; lower leaflets reduced in size and somewhat remote 

 from the others; rachis straw-colored; segments oblong or ovate, dentate or 

 crenate, the teeth often reflexed and covering the fruit dots; indusium deeply 

 cleft into hair-like segments. 



Cowichan River, Vancouver Island, Macoun. Common east of the Cascade 

 Mountains. 



Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton. Densely tufted, whole plant puberulent 

 with minute white jointed hairs and stalked glands; blades pinnate, 10-20 cm. 

 long, the numerous ultimate divisions oblong-ovate, acutish, deeply cleft into 

 5-7 pairs of short obtuse lobes; indusium deeply divided into segments that 

 are broader at base. 



On moist cliffs, rare in our limits. Victoria, Anderson-, Cape Horn, Colum- 

 bia River, Piper. British Columbia to Ontario, Arizona and California. 



Family 2. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. ADDER'S TONGUE FAMILY. 



Plant consisting of an underground stem bearing one or more 

 leaves which rise above ground and are divided usually into two 

 parts, a fertile portion and a sterile portion, the latter being the 

 foliage part of the leaf; frequently the fertile portion lacking in 

 some of the leaves; sporangia borne within the tissue of the fertile 

 portion, ringless, opening by a transverse slit. 



Sterile portion of leaf simple. 16. OPHIOGLOSSUM, 9. 



Sterile portion of leaf compound. 17. BOTRYCHIUM, 9. 



