242 VIOLACEAE. 



kinds, the earlier ones perfect and conspicuous, but often sterile, 

 the later (near the ground in stemless species) with small and 

 rudimentary petals, cleistogamous and producing numerous 

 seeds; sepals unequal, more or less auricled; petals unequal, the 

 lower spurred; the two lower stamens spurred. 



Acaulescent. 



Flowers small, white. V. macloskeyi. 



Flowers larger, violet. 



Rootstocks long and slender; petals pale violet. V. palustris. 



Rootstocks thick; petals dark violet. 



Plants not stoloniferous; stipules small. V. nephrophylla. 



Plants stoloniferous; stipules large. V. langsdorfii. 



Caulescent. 



Flowers yellow, or violet and yellow. 



Stems prostrate, stolon-like; leaves evergreen. V. sempervirens. 



Stems erect, not stoloniferous; leaves not evergreen. 

 Leaves dissected into linear lobes; flowers violet 



and yellow. V. hallii. 



Leaves not dissected; flowers yellow. 



Herbage pubescent; leaves lanceolate to 



ovate. V. nuttallii. 



Herbage glabrous; leaves cordate to reni- 



form. V. glabella. 



Flowers blue or violet. 



Stipules scarious, entire. V. flettii. 



Stipules herbaceous, at least some of them serrate or 



incised. 



Leaves dotless; cauline stipules entire. V. howellii. 



Leaves usually brown-dotted, at least beneath; 



stipules all serrate or laciniate. 



Herbage glabrous or nearly so. V. adunca. 



Herbage pubescent, the pubescence retrorse. V. montanensis. 



Viola macloskeyi Lloyd. Glabrous; rootstocks slender, creeping; leaves 

 few, reniform, obscurely crenate; petioles slender; stipules ovate, acute; 

 peduncles 3-7 cm. high, 2-bracted; petals white, the lateral ones bearded, the 

 spur very short and saccate. 



In sphagnum bogs. 



Viola palustris L. Glabrous; rootstocks slender, at length producing 

 runners; leaves cordate-orbicular, crenulate, 2-4 cm. broad; stipules ovate, 

 acuminate; flowers pale-violet, the lateral petals bearded; spur short, saccate; 

 sepals obtuse. 



In swamps, common, flowering in early spring. 



Viola nephrophylla Greene. Glabrous or nearly so; leaves thickish, reni- 

 form to cordate, faintly crenate, obtuse, 2-6 cm. long, rather pale; flowers 

 violet, on peduncles 10-20 cm. long, exceeding the leaves; lateral petals bearded, 

 the spurred one villous; sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; capsules oblong, 

 glabrous. 



In springy places, rare in our limits. Admiralty Head, Oscar A. Piper. 



Viola langsdorfii Fisch. Glabrous; rootstocks stout, scaly, creeping; 

 stems decumbent or ascending, 5-30 cm. long; leaves cordate-orbicular, 

 crenulate, long-petioled; stipules large, lanceolate, the lowest often incised; 

 corolla pale violet; lateral petals bearded; spur short. 



In swamps near the ocean coast, from northern California to Alaska. 



