SCROPHULARIACEAE. 329 



bracts broad, mostly 3-5-toothed or cleft, scarlet-tipped, shorter than the 

 flowers; calyx about equally cleft before and behind, the divisions 2-cleft; 

 corolla yellowish, 3 cm. long, the upper lip straight and slender, longer than 

 the tube; lower lip very short; pod ovoid, 10-12 mm. long, enclosed in the 

 calyx. 



From the sea level up to an altitude of 1600 m. 



Castilleja dixoni Fernald. Very similar to C. miniata but prostrate or 

 decumbent; leaves thickish, turning black in drying. 



Along the ocean seashore; perhaps only a form of C. miniata. 



459. ORTHOCARPUS. 



Low annuals, very similar to Castilleja; calyx 4-cleft; corolla 

 tubular; the upper lip (galea) scarcely longer and usually much 

 narrower than the inflated 1-3-saccate lower ones; anthers un- 

 equally 2-celled, or the smaller anther-cell rarely wanting. 



Lobes of lower lip of corolla well developed. 



Galea bearded on the back; filaments pubescent. 0. purpurascens. 



Galea naked; filaments smooth. 



Spike short and dense; bracts with broad obtuse 



white lobes. 0. castilleoides. 



Spike slender; bracts with slender lobes. 0. attenuatus. 



Lobes of lower lip of corolla very small. 



Lip simply saccate, scarcely larger than the galea. 

 Bracts very different from the leaves, the upper 



ones entire. O. imbricatus. 



Bracts less different from the leaves, all 3-5-lobed. 0. bracteosus. 

 Lip with 3 conspicuous swellings, much larger than the 



galea. 



Flowers very small, 4-6 mm. long, dull purple; 

 leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid into filiform seg- 

 ments. 0. pusillus. 

 Flowers larger, 12-20 mm. long; leaves simply pin- 

 nate with slender lobes or entire. 

 Corolla sulphur-yellow, 2-2.5 cm. long; anthers 



1 -celled. 0. erianthus. 



Corolla white, about 1 cm. long; anthers 2- 



celled. 0. hispidus. 



Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. Hirsute-pubescent; stems erect, simple 

 or branched from the base, 15-30 cm. high; leaves all 3-5-lobed or cleft, the 

 lobes very narrow; flowers in a dense spike; bracts purplish or reddish, broader 

 than the leaves, 3-5-lobed, as long as the flowers; calyx-lobes linear, as long as 

 the tube; galea longer than the 3-saccate lip, curved at tip. 



Seattle, probably introduced, Piper. Common in prairies, Oregon to 

 California. 



Orthocarpus castilleoides Benth. Puberulent; stems usually branched 

 from the base and decumbent; leaves oblong or lanceolate, cut into narrow 

 lobes; flowers in a dense short thick spike; bracts broader than the leaves, 

 white-tipped; corolla whitish. 



In brackish marshes, along the seashore. 



Orthocarpus attenuatus Gray. Minutely pubescent; stems erect, 10-20 

 cm. high, pubescent above; leaves linear, long-attenuate, sometimes with 

 narrow lobes; flowers scattered, in a narrow spike; bracts with attenuate lobes, 

 sometimes white-tipped; corolla white; galea narrowly conical, straight. 



In dry open places, British Columbia to California. 



