CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 339 



irregularly 5-lobed, commonly 2-lipped; stamens 5, epipetalous; 

 ovary 2- or 3-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell; berry 

 several-seeded . 



Climbing shrubs; flowers in terminal clusters; upper leaves 



connate- perfoliate. 



Flowers orange; stamens and style little exserted. L. ciliosa. 



Flowers pink; stamens and style long-exserted. L. hispidula. 



Erect shrubs; flowers on axillary peduncles in pairs; upper 



leaves not connate. 



Bracts large, foliaceous; flowers yellow; fruit black. L. involucrata. 



Bracts small and narrow; flowers whitish; fruit red. L. utahensis. 



Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. Stems slender, twining to a height of 

 3-7 m.; young parts glaucous; leaves oval, obtuse, glaucous beneath, ciliate, 

 2-6 cm. long, short-petioled; uppermost pairs on the flowering branches con- 

 nate into oval or orbicular disks; peduncles terminal, rarely in the axils of the 

 penultimate pair of leaves; flowers sessile, in whorls; corolla yellow or orange, 

 sparsely hairy; tube narrow, gibbous near the base, 2-2.5 cm. long; limb 

 spreading, slightly 2-lipped; berries orange-red. 



In open woods, common. 



Lonicera hispidula Dougl. Stems slender, twining, 2-4 m. high, the young 

 shoots hispid; leaves oval or ovate, often subcordate, glabrous and green above, 

 pale and pubescent beneath, 1-3 cm. long, the uppermost usually connate; 

 flower clusters often panicled; corolla reddish without, yellowish within, 15-20 

 mm. long, 2-lipped, the strongly gibbous tube not longer than the lips; fila- 

 ments exserted, hairy at base; berries red. 



On banks and cliffs. Common on the bluffs along Puget Sound. 



Lonicera involucrata Banks. (L.ledebouriEsch.) Shrub, 1-3 m. tall, not 

 twining; leaves oblong, ovate or obovate, mostly acuminate, rounded or 

 cuneate at base, sparsely pubescent beneath or glabrate, 5-15 cm. long, short- 

 petioled; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves; flowers yellow, a single pair 

 surrounded at base by an involucre of 4-6 bracts, the inner ones of which are 

 united at base and become purple in fruit; corolla tubular, with short lobes, 

 glandular-puberulent, 10-15 mm. long; berries black, not united. 



Along streams and in tidal marshes, common. 



Lonicera utahensis Wats. Much branched shrubs, 1-2 m. high, not 

 twining; leaves oblong, oval or ovate, obtuse, pubescent beneath, and some- 

 what ciliate, 1-5 cm. long, short-petioled; flowers white or nearly so, in a pair 

 at the apex of the peduncles, 1-2 cm. long, with 2 small bracts at the base of 

 ovary; corolla oblong-funnelform, 2 cm. long, the 5 lobes nearly equal, the 

 tube with a sac-like projection at base; berries red, not united. 



Olympic Mountains, at about the limit of trees, Elmer, Flett. Common 

 in the mountains of the interior. 



Family 96. yALERIANACEAE. VALERIAN FAMILY. 

 Herbs; leaves opposite, without stipules; flowers perfect or 

 dioecious, in panicled or clustered cymes; calyx- tube coherent 

 with the ovary; corolla gamopetalous, tubular or funnelform, 

 often irregular, 3-5-cleft; stamens distinct, 1-3, fewer than the 

 corolla-lobes, epipetalous; ovary inferior, with one fertile 1-ovuled 



