344 CAMPANULACEAE. 



Githopsis specularioides Nutt. Annual, erect, simple or branched from 

 the base, hirsute-pubescent throughout, 5-20 cm. high; leaves sessile, linear 

 or oblong, coarsely dentate, 3-12 mm. long; flowers terminal on the stem or on 

 axillary stout peduncles, erect; calyx-lobes linear, acuminate, glabrous above, 

 1-nerved, rigid, erect, as long as the narrowly-obconic tube; corolla blue, barely 

 exceeding the calyx-lobes. 



Prairies, Chehalis County, Washington, and southward. First collected by 

 Nuttall near the mouth of the Willamette River. 



481. SPECULARIA. 



Annuals; cauline leaves sessile or clasping; flowers blue or 

 purple, terminal or axillary, of two kinds, the earlier smaller, 

 close-fertilized, with 'a rudimentary corolla which never opens, 

 with mostly 3 or 4 calyx-lobes, the later with 5 calyx-lobes; corolla 

 rotate, 5-lobed; ovary 3 or sometimes 2-celled; capsule more or 

 less elongated, opening by 2 or 3 small lateral valves which leave 

 round or oval perforations, usually over partitions. 



Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Venus' s Looking Glass. Stems slender, 

 erect, leafy, 20-40 cm. high, rough-hairy on the angles; leaves orbicular, cordate, 

 crenate, clasping at base, 1-2 cm. long, scabrous on the margins and veins; 

 flowers of 2 sorts, the earlier close-fertilized and with only rudimentary corollas, 



the later with showy violet corollas 4-10 mm. broad, solitary or 2 or 3 in the 



ilyx of the clo 

 bearing flowers with subulate lobes slightly longer than the tube; capsule top- 



axils; calyx of the close-fertilized flowers with 3 or 4 short lobes of the corolla- 



shaped, opening near the middle. 

 In open places, not rare. 



482. HETEROCODON. 



A very delicate little annual ; flowers of two sorts, the lower 

 and earlier ones with merely rudimentary corollas and self-fer- 

 tilized in the bud; calyx with an ovoid or inversely pyramidal 

 tube much shorter than the foliaceous lobes, these broadly ob- 

 ovate, sharply toothed, veiny, 3 or 4 in the earlier, 5 in the later 

 flowers; corolla short-campanulate, 5-lobed; stamens and style as 

 in Campanula-, capsule 3-celled, 3-angled, bursting on the side; 

 seeds numerous. 



Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Annual, the slender stems simple or 

 branched below, 8-20 cm. high, sparsely hairy; leaves ovate or orbicular, 

 sessile and partly clasping, coarsely dentate, somewhat scabrous-ciliate, 3-10 

 mm. long; earlier flowers without a corolla, the later ones with blue corollas, 

 barely exceeding the calyx; calyx 5-8 mm. long, more or less hispid, the ovate 

 acuminate usually toothed lobes a little longer than the tube. 



Said to occur in the Willamete Valley; frequent in the interior. 



483. CAMPANULA. BELLFLOWER. 



Chiefly perennial herbs; flowers all alike, showy; calyx-lobes 

 narrow; corolla campanulate or nearly so, 5-lobed or cleft; 

 stamens 5; filaments dilated at base; capsule short, 3-5-celled, 

 opening on the side or near the base by 3-5 small uplifted valves 

 leaving round perforations, many-seeded. 



Ours all perennials. 



