COMPOSITAE. 353 



Tragopogon porrifolius L. Salsify. Oyster Plant. Biennial, glabrous 

 throughout, the stout stems about 1 m. high; leaves lanceolate, attenuate from 

 the broader somewhat clasping base, 10-15 cm. long; peduncles long and stout, 

 swollen under the head; involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate. 4-5 cm. long, 

 exceeding the violet rays; outer akenes roughened, the inner smooth, 1 cm. 

 long, attenuate into a beak of equal length; pappus brownish, as long as the 

 beak, plumose nearly to the tip. 



Escaped from gardens and spreading. 



486. CICHORIUM. CHICORY. 



Perennials with thick fleshy roots, branched stems and milky 

 juice; flowers blue, rarely purple or white; heads several-many- 

 flowered; involucre double, herbaceous, the inner 8-10 tegules 

 coriaceous at base, the outer 4 or 5 short and spreading; recep- 

 tacle naked; akenes angled, striate; pappus crown-like, composed 

 of numerous short blunt scales in 2 or more series. 



Cichorium intybus L. Perennial, somewhat pubescent, especially below; 

 stems stout, 60-120 cm. high, stiffly branched; basal leaves lanceolate or 

 spatulate, coarsely dentate or runcinately lobed, petioled, 8-15 cm. long; 

 cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, dentate, auricled and clasping at base; 

 heads numerous, in small clusters, sessile or short-peduncled; principal tegules 

 about 8; flowers bright blue. 



A native of Europe, naturalized in fields. 



487. HYPOCHAERIS. 



Perennials with milky juice and slender sparingly branched 

 stems; leaves mostly basal and rosulate; heads many-flowered; 

 involucre campanulate, slightly imbricated; flowers yellow; 

 receptacle chaffy, the bracts narrow and scarious; akenes 10- 

 ribbed, oblong to fusiform, at least 9 of the inner ones beaked; 

 pappus composed of plumose bristles. 



Leaves hirsute; akenes all beaked. H. radicata. 



Leaves glabrous or nearly so; outer akenes beakless. H. glabra. 



Hypochaeris radicata L. Gosmore. Stems 20-40 cm. high, erect, loosely 

 branched above, glabrous or nearly so; leaves all basal, oblanceolate to obovate, 

 coarsely toothed or lobed, hairy on both sides, 5-15 cm. long; heads 2-3 cm. 

 broad; involucre cylindric, the tegules linear, acute; akenes all beaked, the 

 beaks longer than the body. 



A very troublesome weed in lawns and pastures; introduced from Europe. 



Hypochaeris glabra L. Very similar to H. radicata; leaves glabrous or 

 nearly so; heads smaller, the ligulate corollas but little longer than the invo- 

 lucre; outer akenes beakless but the inner ones beaked. 



Sparingly established as a weed; introduced from Europe. 



488. SCORZONELLA. 



Perennials or biennials with fleshy fusiform root, milky juice, 

 and mostly basal leaves; heads many-flowered, on long naked 

 peduncles; involucre campanulate, loosely imbricated with 2 or 3 



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