392 COMPOSITAE. 



542/ ANAPHALIS. EVERLASTING. _ 



White-woolly perennial herbs with erect leafy stems and en- 

 tire leaves; heads numerous, small, discoid, dioecious but usually 

 with a few perfect flowers in the center of the pistillate heads; 

 involucre campanulate to oblong, its tegules scarious, numerous, 

 closely imbricated ; pappus bristles of staminate flowers little if 

 at all thickened at the apex, that of the fertile flowers not at all 

 united at the base. 



t. . tj ^_ Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis Greene. Stems erect, 20-60 cm. 



high; leaves broadly lanceolate, somewhat re-volute, sessile, bright shining 

 ^txyw- y**^ green above, white-woolly beneath; heads numerous, in a terminal corymb 

 - ' 415 cm. broad; involucre campanulate, subglobose; tegules ovate-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, pearly white. 



Very common in open places, especially in old " burns." 



Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina Gray. Very similar to A. margaritacea 

 occidentalis but usually not so tall; leaves permanently pubescent above; 

 corymbs mostly smaller and denser. 



Rather rare in moist meadows in the mountains at low elevations. 



543. GNAPHALIUM. CUDWEED. 



Woolly herbs; leaves alternate, entire; heads small, discoid; 

 pistillate flowers very numerous in more than one row; flowers 

 white or yellow; perfect flowers fewer in the center; staminate 

 flowers none; pappus-bristles slender, not thickened above; 

 akenes oblong or ovate. 



Bristles of the pappus united at base; involucre brownish. G. purpureum. 

 Bristles of the pappus separate at base. 



Plants low; flowers in dense leafy clusters; involucres 



very woolly. 



Tegules white; plants loosely- woolly. G, palustre. 



Tegules brownish; plants appressed- woolly. G. uliginosum. 



Plants tall; flowers in looser leafless clusters; involucres 



woolly only at base. 



Involucre white; cymes loose. G. microcephahnn. 



Involucre yellowish; cymes dense. G. chilense. 



Gnaphalium purpureum L. Biennial or sometimes annual; herbage 

 silvery canescent; stems erect, 20-30 cm. high; basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, 

 green above, appressed woolly beneath, short-petioled, 2-5 cm. long; cauline 

 narrower, mostly linear, sessile; heads in dense clusters in the axils of the upper 

 leaves, making a spike-like inflorescence; tegules brownish or purplish, 

 acute; akenes scabrous. 



Very common in open places. 



Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Annual, much branched at base, 5-12 cm. 

 high, very woolly throughout; leaves lanceolate, oblong or spatulate, 1-2 cm. 

 long; heads 2-3 mm. high, sessile, in small terminal or axillary clusters, which 

 are very woolly and subtended by leaves; involucre* of few tegules, these linear, 

 acute or obtuse, brownish with white tips; akenes glabrous, the bristles falling 

 separately. 



Common in dried-up pond bottoms and on river banks. 



