liv FLORA OF MADRAS. 



Flowers very often 2-sexual ; or if 1 -sexual, then the embryo 

 peripheric-annular, or the ovule not clearly distinguishable 

 from the carpellary tissue and the seeds without testa, or 

 perianth-lobes 2 -seriate and anthers opening by valves ; 

 perianth almost always present, usually single ; or if double, 

 then the outer whorl very small, seeds without testa and 

 stamens opposite the inner perianth-lobes ; or if perianth 0, 

 then embryo peripheric-annular : 



Ovary inferior ; seeds with copious albumen : 



Ovary 4-6-celled ; ovules very many, 1-2-seriate ; seeds 

 with a distinct testa ; perianth 3-lobed, usually irregular ; 

 stamens 6-12 ; scandent herbs or shrubs or erect shrubs 



CXXII. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. 



Ovary 1 -celled ; ovules 1-4 ; seeds without proper testa ; 

 stamens as many as and opposite the inner or only perianth- 

 lobes : 



Ovules solitary, basal, erect ; perianth corolline, single 

 or occasionally double, the inner coloured, large, the 

 outer minute ; epiphytic, parasitic herbs, undershrubs 



or shrubs CXXXI. LORANTHACEAE. 



Ovules 2-4, pendulous from a free-central column ; 

 perianth always single, calycine or corolline ; terrestrial 

 herbs, shrubs or trees, frequently root-parasites 



CXXXII. SANTALACEAE. 



Ovary superior, quite free or its base adnate to the persistent 

 perianth-base ; 1-, less often 2-3-celled ; ovule 1- or 2-many 

 on a free-central placenta, or many axile or parietal : 

 Seeds usually with copious albumen ; or if albumen 

 scanty or 0, then embryo curved and excentric or peri- 

 pheric ; usually herbs, rarely shrubs or trees : 

 Stipules ; ovary 1 -celled, 1-ovuled : 



Perianth tubular, its base adhering to the ovary, tube 

 long or short, limb truncate or 3-5-toothed or -lobed, 

 segments plicately or simply valvate 



CXVII. NYCTAGINACEAE. 



Perianth-lobes united only at the base, always 

 imbricate ; stamens 1-5, often connate at the base : 

 Perianth scarious and dry ; flowers always with 

 scarious or hyaline bracts and 2 bracteoles ; anthers 

 1-2-celled ; leaves membranous, opposite or 

 alternate, never terete . . CXVIII. AMARANTACEAE. 

 Perianth membranous, herbaceous, coriaceous or 



