48 FLORA OF MADRAS. [Viola. 



Petals unequal, lower larger, oval or orbicular, on a long claw ; sepals 



not produced below ; peduncles less than -5 in. long 2. lonidium. 



Shrubs or trees with regular flowers 3. Alsodeia. 



i. Viola. 



Herbs, rarely woody below. Flowers 1-2 on long axillary 

 peduncles, sometimes large-petalled but ripening few seeds, 

 sometimes small-petalled ripening many seeds, normal and 

 cleistogamous. Sepals produced at the base. Petals erect or 

 spreading, lower largest, spurred at the base. Anthers connate, 

 connectives of the lower 2 often produced into spurs within the 

 spur of the corolla. Style clavate or truncate, tip straight or 

 bent ; stigma obtuse, lobed or cup-shaped. Capsule 3-valved. 

 Seeds ovoid or globose. 



Leaves triangular-lanceolate, not deeply cordate ; petiole winged ; plant 



stemless 1. Patrinii. 



Leaves ovate, deeply cordate ; petiole not winged ; flowers on leafy 



stems : 



Sepals linear, gradually attenuate from a lanceolate base ; stigma 



usually lateral 2 . serpens . 



Sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; stigma terminal 3. distant. 



1. VIOLA PATRINII, DC. ; F. B. I. i. 183 ; W. & A. 32. V. Walkeri, 

 Wt. 111. i. 42, t. 18. 



Hills of the N. Circars in G an jam at 4,000 ft. ; W. Ghats 

 in Mysore, the Nilgiris, Anamalais and Pulneys at over 

 4,000 ft.; Shevaroy Hills in Salem. 



2. VIOLA SERPENS, Wall.; W. & A. 32; F. B. I. i. 184. T'. 

 Wiglitiana, Wt. Ic. t. 943. 



Hills of Ganjam ; W. Ghats from the Nilgiris to Travancore 

 at over 6,000 ft. 



3. VIOLA DISTANS, Wall. ; F. B. I. i. 183. 



W. Ghats, in Mysore the Nilgiris and Pulneys at over 

 6,000 ft. 



2. lonidium, Vent. 



Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. 

 Flowers solitary, axillary, red. Sepals 5, subequal, not produced 

 below their insertion. Petals 5, the lower one on a long claw, 

 saccate or spurred at the base. Anthers connate or free, 2 or 4 of 



