220 FLORA OF MADRAS. [Zizyphus. 



cultivated in and near villages and tlience ruii*wild on 



waste lands. 



A low much-branched thorny tree with erect often thick 



stem and rounded head, the leaves suborbicular, fulvous - 



tawny beneath. Bark dark grey, nearly black, with irregular 



cracks. Wood hard, reddish, tough and strong, in regular 



use for saddle-trees and many other purposes and a good 



fuel. The fruit is edible. Yern. Hind. Ber; Ur. Boro- 



koli; Tel. Rengha ; Tain. Yellande, Ilantha; Kan. Yelchi ; 



Mai. Cherumali. 



~VsiY.fruticosa, Haines, a shrub with small leaves, smooth 



very thorny branches and small fruit. Much used for 



fencing purposes. 



Circars, Deccaii and Cariiatic, from Godavari to Tinne- 



velly, chiefly on stony waste lands. 



2. ZlZYPHUS NUMMULARIA, W. & A. 162; F. B. I. L 633. 



Deccan and Carnatic, in dry stony scrub forests, common 

 on black cotton soil. 



A small shrub with small leaves, divaricating very thorny 

 zigzag branches and small fruit. The stems are cut for 

 fencing purposes. 



3. ZIZYPHTJS TRINERVIA, Roxb. Z. glabrata, Wt. Ic. t. 282; 

 W. & A. 162 ; F. B. I. i. 633. 



W. Ghats on the E. side, in Coimbatore, Nilgiris and 

 Anamalais to S. Travancore at low elevations, in dry 

 localities. 



A small unarmed tree up to 30 ft. high with a hard olive- 

 brown wood. Vern. Tarn. Kottei, Karukava ; Mai. 

 Karkala. 



4. ZIZYPHUS OENOPLIA, Mill. ; F. B. I. i. 634 ; W. & A. 163. 



Almost all Districts, especially in dry forest localities and 

 open bushy places. 



A large, very thorny, straggling or climbing shrub. The 

 branches are used in fencing, and the small black fruits 

 are pleasant to eat. Yern. Hind. Makoh ; Ur. Barokoli ; 

 Tel. Paranu, Pariki ; Tarn. Kottei; Mai. Mulli. 



5. ZIZYPHUS XYLOPYRUS, Willd. ; F. B. I. i. 634; W. & A. 

 162. 



Almost all Districts in dry deciduous forests. 



A large straggling shrub or small tree with globose, 



