Rltaniuiifi. RHAMNACEAE. 221 



velvety, sometimes nearly glabrous, fruit and 3-celled 



hard nut. The leaves are very white woolly when young 



but nearly glabrous when old. Wood reddish-brown, hard, 



similar to but not quite so good as that of Z. Jujuba. Vern. 



Hind. Katbcr; Ur. Goto; Tel Got; Tam. Kottei ; Mai 



Kotta. 



Yar. <i<-iit. Gamble. Leaves ovate-acurninate, 3-3'5 by 



1*5-2 in., very unequal at base. Berry ovoid, acute at apex, 



'75 in. long, velvety. 



Upper Godavari Forests (Gamble). 



f>. ZIZYPHUS HORRIDA, Roth ; F. B. I. i. 636 ; W. &. A. 163. 

 Deccaii, in Kurnool and Mysore in dry forests and scrub 

 lands. 



A shrub with very thorny branches, occasionally a small 

 tree, the thorns with very broad bases. Leaves sub- 

 orbicular, ovate or elliptic, serrate, nearly glabrous. 



7. ZIZYPHUS RUGOSA. Lamk. ; F. B. I. i. 636 ; W. & A. 162 ; 

 Wt, Ic. t. 339. 



All Forest Districts and up to 6,000 ft. in the W. Ghats, 

 chiefly in dry deciduous forest localities. 

 A large straggling thorny shrub or small tree with large 

 elliptic usually cordate leaves, paniculate flowers and 

 small fruit. Wood reddish, moderately hard. Vern. Hind. 

 Suran ; Ur. Chunu koli ; Tam. Charai ; Mai. Thodali. 



3. Rhamnus, Linn. 



Small trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite, 

 peiimnerved ; stipules small, deciduous. Flowers hermaphrodite 

 or polygamous, in axillary fascicles or in simple or compound 

 racemes. Cfl/yar-tube urceolate, lobes 4-5, keeled within. Petals 

 4-5 or 0, flat or cncullate. Disk lining the calyx-tube, the margin 

 thin. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals; filaments 

 short ; anthers oblong, in $ flowers very small. Ovary free, 

 globose or ovoid, 3-4-celled ; styles distinct or somewhat connate ; 

 stigmas small, papillose. Fruit a fleshy berry-like drupe, seated 

 on the persistent calyx-tube; pyrenes 2-4, crustaceous. Seed 

 obovoid ; testa membranous or crustaceous ; albumen fleshy ; 

 cotyledons flat, recurved at the margins ; radicle short. 



Bi'anchlets ending in spines ; flowers usually 4-merous, long-pedicel- 



