76 EUPHORBIACEM. [EUPHORBIA. 



3. E. Royleana, Boiss. in DC. Prod, xv, part 2, 83 ; Brandis 

 For. Fl. 438 ; Ind. Trees 558 ; F. B. I. v, 257 ; Watt E. D.; Comm. 

 Prod. Ind. 531 ; Kanjilal For. Fl. ed 2, 343 ; Gamble Man. 591 ; 

 Collett Fl. Siml. 446. E. pentagona, Eoyle III. 329, t. 82, fig. 1. 



Tern. Thor (N. Ind.), thuor (Dehra-Dun), Sihund (Kumaon). 



An erect glabrous fleshy cactus-like shrub up to 16 ft. high and with a 

 girth of usually 2-3 ft., or occasionally up to 5 ft. Branches with 5-7 

 prominent angles and 5-7 broad flat intervening faces ; the spines in 

 pairs on the protuberant portions of the undulating edges. Leaves few, 

 inserted on the angles of the branches, alternate, sessile, soon falling 

 off, 4-6 in. long, spathulate, rounded and shortly mucronate at the 

 apex, tapering to the base ; main lateral nerves quite indistinct until 

 dry. Involucres hemispheric, greenish -yellow, about \ in. across, 

 arranged 3 or more together in axillary sub-sessile cymes ; lobes 

 cuneate, fimbriate. Styles free nearly to the base. Capsules about 

 f in. in diam., trigonous, on pedicels up to J in. long ; cocci compressed, 

 glabrous. 



'Siwalik range, and on exposed rocky slopes on the northern side of Dehra 

 Dun. In flower and fruit during the hot season, the new leaves 

 appearing during the rains. DISTRIB. : Outer ranges of the W. 

 Himalaya from Kumaon to the Jhelum ascending to 6,000 ft. ; also 

 on the Salt range of the Punjab. The plant is easily propagated and 

 is often used for hedges ; and the white dry wood affords abundant 

 fuel. Although the milky juice of this plant contains a considerable 

 amount of guttapercha, the attempts to extract it with profit have 

 hitherto failed. The acrid juice is often used medicinally. 



4. E. neriifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. 451 ; Eoyle III. 328 ; Coolce Fl. 

 Bomb, ii, 564 ; E. Nivulia, Buch-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv, 

 286 ; Wight Ic. 1862 ; Brandis For. Fl. 439 ; Ind. Trees 558 ; F. 

 B. I. v, 255 ; Kanjilal For. FL (ed. 2), 345 ; Gamble Man. 590 ; 

 Prain Beng. PL 923. E. nereifolia, Willd.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 

 467. EJieede Hort. Mai. ii, t. 43. Vern. Thor, senhur, sij. 



A large erect glabrous shrub or small tree up to 20 ft. or more ; trunk 

 cork-like when old. Branches fleshy, cylindric, not ribbed, subver- 

 ticelled, with pairs of sharp persistent spines arising from, low conical 

 truncate distant spirally arranged tubercles. Leaves alternate, fleshy, 

 clustered towards the ends of the branches, sessile or nearly so, 4-8 

 in. long, obovate or obovate-oblong or linear, rounded at the apex 

 and often mucronate, tapering towards the base, deciduous ; midrib 

 prominent beneath, lateral nerves obscure. Involucres ternate, form- 



