116 EUPHORBIACEM. [ SAPIUM 



poisonous, is sometimes used externally in medicine. The tree is 

 frequently killed by frost at the higher elevations. 



SAPIUM SEBIFERUM, Eoxb. ; Fl. Ind. Hi, 693 ; F. B. L v, 470 ; 

 Watt. E. D.; Cowm. Prod. Ind. 979 ; Kanjildl For. Fl. (ed. 2), 355 ; 

 Gamble Man. 624 ; Prain Beng. PL 954 ;. Brandis Ind. Trees 584 ; 

 Cooke Fl. Bomb, ii, 623. Excoecaria sebifera, Mudl.-Arg.; Brandis 

 For. Fl. 441. Stillingia sebifera, Miclix.; Royle III. 328. Vein. 

 Tdr-charbi (Dehra Dun), palidri shisham (Saharanpur). (Chinese 

 Tallow-tree). A small quick-growing deciduous tree, somewhat 

 resembling in its foliage the shisham-tree (Dalbergia Sissoo). It is 

 cultivated in many parts of the Upper Gangetic Plain, and has 

 become quite naturalized, especially in Dehra Dun. It flowers 

 June Aug., and the seeds ripen Oct. Dec. The tree is indigen- 

 ous in China and Japan, where the white tallow-looking wax sur- 

 rounding the seeds is used for burning. The leaves before falling 

 become beautifully coloured with orange and scarlet. 



The following plants belonging to genera not mentioned above should 



be briefly noticed : 



PEDILANTHUS TITHYMALOIDES, Poit. A shrub with fleshy branches, 



allied to Euphorbia, from which it chiefly differs in its conspicuous 



scarlet slipper-shaped involucre. It was introduced into India from 



the West Indies, ana is grown in hedges in many parts of the country. 



Royle (111. 328) mentions it as a possible substitute for ipecacuanha 



(Psychotria Ipecacuanha), which is a native of Brazil. 



JATROPHA CURCAS, Linn.; Royle III. 328 ; Brandis For. Fl. 442 - 



Ind. Trees 576 ; F. B. I. v. 383 ; Watt E. D.; Kanjildl For. Fl; 



(ed. 2), 352 ; Gamble Man. 613 ; Prain Beng. PL 941 ; Cooke Fl. 



Bomb, ii, 578. Vern. Safed arand. (Physic-nut). A soft-wooded 



evergreen shrub or small tree introduced from Trop. America. 



It is often found in a semi- wild condition in the vicinity of villages 



or is planted in hedges. The oil extracted from the seeds is 



much used for burning, as well as medicinally. Other exotic 



species of Jatropha, including J. gossypifolia, multifida and poda- 



grica, are more or less cultivated in Indian gardens for ornamental 



purposes. 



ALEURITES MOLUCCAS A, Willd.; Royle III. 327 ; F. B. I. v, 384 ; 

 Watt. E. D.; Gamble Man. 613 ; Prain Beng. PL 942 ; Cooke Fl. 

 Bomb, ii, 626. A. triloba, Forst.; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. Hi, 629. Bel- 

 gaum Walnut. 



