162 URT1CACEM. [ BROUSSONETIA. 



BROXTSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA, Vent. ; Eoyle III. 340 ; Brandis For. FL 

 410 ; 2nd. Trees 613 ; F. B. I. v, 490 ; Kanjildl For. Fl. (ed. 2) 366 ; 

 Gamble Man. 633 ; Prain Beng. PL 967 ; Watt in Comm, Prod. Ind. 



< Paper Mulberry. A small tree belonging to the mulberry tribe. 

 Branchlets tomentose. Leaves membranous, 3-nerved, 3-8 in. long, 

 obliquely ovate or oblong, acuminate, lobed (when young) and 

 dentate, scabrid above, pubescent beneath ; petioles 2-3 in. long. 



, Flowers dioecious. MALE spikes 2-3 in. long, cylindrical, stalked 

 pubescent. FEM. flowers in compact long-stalked heads. Fruit 

 fleshy, red shining. Wild on the hills of Upper Burma and in Mar- 

 taban ; extending to Siam, China, Japan and the Pacific Islands. 

 The stems yield a fine fibre which is used for making paper in Japan, 

 and in the South Sea Islands the natives prepare from it a cloth 

 called tapa or Tcapa. Experiments undertaken within the area of 

 this flora, both in Dehra Dun and at Saharanpur, clearly show that 

 the climate of N. India is quite suitable for its cultivation. It has 

 been suggested that it might possibly pay to grow this tree on a 

 large scale in N. Irdia if a paper factory were situated near enough, 

 and if a constant supply of the fibre material of this and other fibre - 

 yielding plants suitable for making paper were available. 



CI. CASUARINACEJE. 



CASUARINA, For si. A single genus, containing 23 species, 

 mostly Australian and a few in New Caledonia, one only extending 

 to India, Several other species are in cultivation in India, 

 especially on the Nilgiri Hills. 



C. EQUISETIFOLIA, Forst. ; F. B. I. v, 598 ; Brandis For. FL 

 435 ; Ind. Trees 620 ; Gamble Man. 665 ; Prain Beng. PL 985 ; 

 Cooke Fl. Bomb, ii, 660. C. muricata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Hi, 519 ; 

 Boyle III. 346. A tall handsome straight-stemmed dioecious leafless 

 tree. Branches terminating in long slender drooping deciduous 6-8 

 jointed branchlets, which perform the functions of leaves. The ribs 

 of each joint terminate upwards in the teeth or scales * of a mem- 

 branous sheath alternating with the ribs of the next joint above. 

 Male flowers monandrous, in terminal cylindric spikes, and the 

 females are arranged in small cone-like clusters which become woody 



* Similar to the scale-leaves of 



