94 Rhodora 



the following measurements of height are considered approximately 

 trustworthy. 



Wiibughby Lake . . . . . 1060 ft. 



Hotel 1160 " 



Pulpit Rock 1700 " 



Summit of Mt. Willoughby . . . 2650 " 



North Outlook 2410 " 



Long Pond . . . . . . 1710 " 



Height of land on the Long Pond road 



N. E. of the mountain. . . . 2170 " 



The characteristic botanical features of Willoughby are the wet 

 cliffs and slides on the southwest side of the mountain, and the 

 sphagnous cedar swamps of the brooks, beginning close to the nar- 

 row ridge that makes the water- divide, and continuing at intervals for 

 five miles southward. These cedar swamps are, I suppose, not dif- 

 ferent from others in northern Vermont, but the wet slopes of the 

 notch are not paralleled except with Smuggler's Notch at Mount 

 Mansfield ; and yet while the two notches have so many peculiar 

 plants in common, each has some that the other lacks. Of such 

 Smuggler's Notch has Lycopodium Selago, L., Arenaria verna, L., var. 

 hirta, Watson, Gentiana Amarella, L., var. acuta, Hook, f., Castilleia 

 pallida Kunth, var. septentrionalis Gray. Willoughby Notch has 

 Asplenium Ruta-muraria, L., Scirpus pauciflorus, Link, Rhynchospora 

 capillacea, Torr., Braya humilis, Robinson, Aster polyphyllus, Willd. 

 The Willoughby plants, too, are to be found in a very limited area. 

 It is safe to say that nine-tenths of the non-introduced species can be 

 found in two square miles, having the ridge at the south end of the 

 lake as a center : the northern square mile takes in the lake shore 

 and slopes, ledges and woods of the mountains on either side of the 

 lake ; the southern square mile gives us the pastures, wet fields and 

 swamps with their interesting orchids and carices. 



The rocks of the district appear to be of calcareous-mica-slate of 

 a coarse consistency in some places as if siliceous, and therefore 

 crumbling in some parts, while in others they are of a firmer slaty 

 texture. The cliffs and ledges of the mountain disintegrate in large 

 or small masses, making a talus at the base of the cliff extending 

 even into the lake. On this slope grow many of the cliff plants evi- 

 dently torn in sods from the upper ledges. At the south end the talus 

 is covered to a greater depth with humus and the vegetation is more 



