PINE ASSOCIATION 227 



occasional M. angustipennis are added (40). The burrowing spider 

 (Geolycosa pikei) (Fig. 200, p. 230) continues in the open places. 



5. THE CICINDELA LECONTEI OR PINE ASSOCIATION 



(Stations 57, 58, 59; Tables L, LI, LVI, LVIII) (Figs. 201) (115, 170) 

 a) Subterranean-ground stratum. Here we find the larva of the 

 bronze tiger-beetle (Cicindela scutellaris lecontei) (170), with its straight, 

 cylindrical burrow. Several digger-wasps of the earlier stage are 

 recorded as continuing. The ant (Lasius niger americanus) nests 

 beneath the sand and was seen swarming in early September. The 

 burrowing spider continues and an occasional cicada lives deep beneath 

 the sand. The six-lined lizard (Cnemidophorus 6-lineatus), the blue 

 racer, and the pond turtle (Chrysemys marginatd) all bury their eggs 

 beneath the sand. There is an occasional thirteen-lined ground squirrel 



FIG. 194. The lesser migratory locust (Melanoplus atlanis) (after Lugger) . 



(Citellus ij-lineatus) (162), though it is never common. The surface 

 of the ground is frequented by the adults of the tiger-beetles, digger- 

 wasps, the six-lined lizard, and the blue racer (157). The grasshopper 

 of the transition belt continues and two others are added, so that we 

 have the long-horned locust, the narrow-winged locust, the lesser locust, 

 the mottled sand-locust (Sparagemon wyomingianum Thorn.), and sand- 

 locust (A geneotettix arenosus) (40). The ruffed grouse nests here occa- 

 sionally. 



b) Field stratum. Arabis lyrata is a common herb. Shull (175) 

 found that the larva of a cabbage butterfly feeds upon this. He 

 watched a larva crawl on one of the bunches of bunch-grass for six 

 hours before it began to spin the bed of silk preparatory to pupating. 

 This was about 2 in. above the ground. Midges and mosquitoes are 

 common and dragon- and damsel-flies are nearly always in evidence 

 resting on the grasses and herbs and picking up the midges and mos- 

 quitoes while on the wing. Occasional Monardas support crab-spiders 

 which resemble the blossoms closely (Dictyna foliacea). The flowers 

 are visited by bees and flies. 



