246 



DRY AND MESOPHYTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES 



First stage: Tree freshly fallen (Fig. 246). Only forms recorded are 

 the apple-tree engraver beetle (Pterocyclon mail Fitch) (Fig. 247) which 

 makes galleries in the solid wood. 



SUCCESSION IN THE BEECH LOG 



FIG. 246. The freshly fallen beech. 



FIG. 247. The first borer to enter the fallen tree (Pterocyclon mali Fitch); 

 greatly enlarged (from Lugger after U.S. Dept. Agr.). 



FIG. 248. The partially decayed beech. 



FIG. 249. Closer view of the same showing the burrows of the different wood- 

 boring larvae in the softened wood. 



FIG. 250. Shows the last stage in the decay of the beech. 



