n6 ANIMAL PROTEINS 



complete, and the grease can then be extracted by solvents 

 (benzine, acetone, etc.). Degreasing after part tannage is 

 usually considered preerable, and the skins may be tanned 

 out in pit or paddle in about a week. The Scotch tannage 

 is with larch bark from Pinus larix, which contains up to 

 13 per cent, of a rather mellow catechol tan. This material 

 has also some sugars and yields sour and plumping liquors. 

 The basils are paddled in weak liquors (8-n) for about 

 2 days, and when struck through are degreased by hydraulic 

 pressure. They are then soaked back and tanned out in 

 stronger liquors (n-20), which takes up to one week. 

 They are then dried out and sorted in the crust. The 

 finishing depends of course upon the purpose in view. If 

 for linings they are soaked, shaved, sumached, struck out 

 well, nailed on boards and dried right out. They are next 

 stained with a solution of starch, milk and red dyestuff. 

 After drying they are glazed by machine and softened with 

 a hand board. For fancy slippers the crust skins are starched 

 and stained directly, then " staked " (see Part III., Section 

 II., p. 155), fluffed, seasoned and glazed. If intended for 

 leggings and gaiters a flesh finish is given. The skins are 

 soaked, stretched, shaved and sumached. They are then 

 rinsed, drained, sammed and stained. A brown stain 

 mixed with linseed jelly is usual. This is spread evenly over 

 the flesh and glassed in. The skins are dried out, restained 

 if necessary, and staked to raise a nap. Basils for gaiters 

 are dyed in paddle and fluffed over the emery wheel. 



Skivers are split in the limed state and sometimes 

 immediately degreased. They are next puered at 85 F. 

 "for about 3 hours in a paddle, and scudded. They are 

 drenched at a low temperature (68-7O F.), but often 

 2 or 3 days. They are again scudded and then rinsed and 

 sent to tan. The skivers are tanned in a few days by 

 sumach liquors working the goods up from mellow to fresh 

 as usual. The liquors are warmed. Care must be taken 

 that the goods do not tear. A great variety of finish is 

 possible, but the " paste grain skiver " for fancy goods 

 and the plain finish for hat leathers are sufficiently typical. 



