320 MARTILMAS TIDE. 



NOV. 15. St. Gehtrude, virgin and abbess, 1292. 



St. Leopold marquis of Austria, confessor, 1136. 



St. Eugenius, martyr, 275. 



St. Malo or Maclou, bishop, 565. 



Obs. St. Gertrude was born of an illustrious family at Eisleben 

 in Saxony, and was sister to St. Mechtildes. She was of a very 

 ardent and devout turn of mind, a proof of which may be collected 

 from her little book " Of Divine Institutions," said to be the next 

 best thing of the kind to St. Teresa's writings. Miracles, says 

 Butler, attested how precious her death was in the eyes of God. 

 The Lypsanographia, or Catalogue of Reliques, printed in 1713 at 

 Hanover, mention among others the reliques of St. Gertrude in a 

 rich shrine. She is to be distinguished from St. Gertrude, also a 

 virgin and abbess, celebrated on St. l^atrick's Day, .March 17. 



Altar Violet Viola Altaica still fl. 



When the iron longiie of midnight hatli told twelve. 



S/ia/tspetirc. 



On the Origin of Clocks. — ^'I'he clepsydrae or waterclocks seem to 

 be very antient ; but clocks made with wheels and a pendulum, and 

 having a dial and hands to shew the hours, are of more modem date 

 than may be commonly supposed. They are not, however, so 

 modern as Weidler and Chalmers make them, who date their inven- 

 tion from the fifteenth century. An exceedingly learned paper, 

 however, read before the Society of Gottingen in 1758 by Professor 

 Hamberger, and quoted by Beckmann, proves incontestibly that 

 clocks were invented as early as the year 700; and it seems that, 

 undergoing successive improvements, they were introduced into 

 common use in the abbeys, monasteiies, and churches of Europe, 

 about the middle of the eleventh century ; and that they struck the 

 hour on bells, is also evident. The chimes, or a more perfect and 

 numerous play of V)ells, such as are now used to measure the quar- 

 ters, and to play tunes at certain hours, are of still more modern 

 dale. Those at Antwerp, Ghent, and throughout Holland, are very 

 musical. Carillons played by keys and pedals, such as those in the 

 towers and steeples of the Low Countries of Flanders and Holland, 

 and of the Lowlands of Scotland, are yet more modern. Burney, 

 in his Musical Tours in Germany, has given a very good account of 

 them. See also Gent. Blag, general Index, and Monthly Mag, 

 xxii. 353, and Atmos. Fhenom. 393. 



