TABLE OF CONTENTS XV 



CHAPTER V 



Reduction of the Chromosomes, Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis 



PAGE 



A. Genera' Outline ............. 234 



1 . Rt luction in the Female. The Polar Bodies ...... 236 



2. Reduction in the Male. Spermatogenesis ....... 241 



3. Weismann's Interpretation of Maturation ....... 243 



B. Origin of the Tetrads ............ 246 



1. General Sketch ............ 246 



2. Detailed Evidence ........... 248 



C. Reduction without Tetrad-formation ......... 258 



D. Some Peculiarities of Reduction in the Insects . . . . . . .271 



E. The Early History of the Germ-nuclei ......... 272 



F. Reduction in Unicellular Forms .......... 277 



G. Maturation of Parthenogenetic Eggs ......... 280 



Appendix 



1. Accessory Cells of the Testis ......... 284 



2. Amitosis in the Early Se.\-cells ......... 285 



H. Summary and Conclusion ........... 285 



literature, V. ....... 287 



CHAPTER VI y 



Some Problems ok Cell-organization 



A. The Nature of Cell-organs 291 



B. Structural Basis of the Cell 293 



C. Morphological Composition of the Nucleus 294 



I. The Chromatin 294 



(rt) Hypothesis of the Individuality of the Chromosomes . . . 294 



{It) Composition of the Chromosomes 301 



D. Chromatin, Linin, and Cytoplasm 302 



E. The Centrosome ......••••••• 3^4 



F. The Archoplasmic Structures 3^6 



1. Hypothesis of Fibrillar Persistence 316 



2. The Archoplasm Hypothesis ......... 318 



3. The Attraction-sphere i'^Z 



G. Summary and Conclusion ........... 3^7 



Literature, VI 328 



CHAPTER VII 

 Some Aspects of C--ll-chemistry and Cell-physiology 



A. Chemical Relations of Nucleus and Cytoplasm 330 



1. The Proteids and their Allies ......... 331 



2. The Nuclein Series ........... 332 



3. Staining-reactions of the Nuclein Series 334 



