Emotional Expression. 251 



Man." As with other matter bearing directly upon 

 the development hypothesis, its publication was de- 

 ferred as long as possible, in order that the evidence 

 might be fully weighed. Projected in 1838, it was 

 not published until thirty-five years later. One class 

 of objections to the hypothesis was not considered 

 in the main work. It was generally held that, by his 

 emotional expression, man was widely separated 

 from the lower animals. The eminent anatomist, 

 Duchenne, who remains to-day the best authority on 

 muscular movements, merely expressed the views 

 of the time when he stated that no cause could be 

 assigned for facial expression, except the " divine 

 fantasy " of the Great Artificer. 



Having projected his work, how does Darwin pro- 

 ceed ? From the gentlemen who have preceded me 

 you have learned of his methods. To test the truth 

 of his conceptions he commences a series of_j nflst 

 minute and careful obse rvatinpQ, ^m\\Yy^^ nothing'' 

 witHiri ms reach. His most important field is that 

 which is nearest ; his own children, his friends and 

 companions, even the dogs that accompany his daily 

 walks, come under that powerful scrutiny. Where, 

 indeed, can we find so perfect an observer? The 

 calm sanity of his mind keeps him equally aloof from 

 egotism and from self-depreciation. A fact is a fact, 

 to be stated with the fairness and openness of per- 

 fect daylight. Here is a man who cares more for the 

 truth than for himself. The black spot in man's 

 sunshine, the shadow of himself, seems non-existent 

 for him. He stands by his work, that is enough ; if 

 it has worth, well — if not, still well ; the elemental 



