Xxiv. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 



Branchiostegals. Bony rays supporting the gill-membranes behind the* lower jaw. 

 Bristle. A stiff hair-like projection. 

 Buckler. A bony shield. 



Canines. Conical teeth which are longer than the others. 



Carapace. A horny or bony covering encasing the body. 



Cardiforni. Coarse and sharp like wool cards. 



Carinate. Keeled ; having a ridge along the middle line. 



Cartilage, Cartilaginous. Gristle, gristly. 



Caudal. Pertaining to the tail. 



Ciliated. Fringed with eyelash-like projections. 



Cirri. Fringes. 



Coalesced. Grown together. 



Compressed. Flattened laterally. 



Confluent. Joined together. 



< 'onical. Cone shaped ; with a cylindrical base and pointed tip. 



Corselet. A scaly covering behind the pectorals of some fishes. 



Cranium, Cranial. The skull, pertaining to the skull. 



Crenulate. Having the edge slightly scolloped. 



Cutaneous. Pertaining to the skin. 



Ctenoid. Rough-edged. 



Cycloid. Smooth-edged. 



Deciduous. Temporary; falling off. 



Dendritic. Resembling a tree or shrub. 



Dentate. With tooth-like projections. 



Denticle; denticulate. A little tooth; having an edge with small projecting teeth. 



Depressed. Flattened vertically. 



Dermal. Pertaining to the skin. 



Disc. The flattened head and body of various fishes, which also commonly 



includes the pectoral and ventral fins. 

 Distal. Remote from the point of attachment. 

 Dorsal. Pertaining to the back. 



Elongate. Extended; drawn out. 



Emarginate. With the margin slightly hollowed. 



Entire. AVith a smooth margin. 



Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected. 



Estuarine. Living in estuaries. 



Falcate. Scythe-shaped; long, narrow, and curved. 



Falciform. Curved like a scythe. 



Filament. A slender or thread-like structure. 



Filiform. Thread-like. 



Fimbriate. Fringed at the margin. 



Fluviatile. Living in rivers. 



Furcate. Forked. 



Gill-arches. The bony arches to which the gills are attached. 

 Gill-membranes. Membranes covering the gill opening's, attached to the bran- 

 chiostegals. 

 Gill-openings. Openings behind the head, leading to the gills. 

 Gill rakers. A series of appendages along the anterior edges of the gill arches. 

 Gills. Branchiae; organs for breathing the air contained in water. 

 Glossohyal. The tongue bone. 



Humerus, Humeral. Bone of the upper arm, and pertaining thereto. 

 Hypocoracoid. The lower of the two bones attached to the clavicle. 

 Hypural joint. The joint of the caudal fin with the last of the vertebrae. 



