XXVI. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 



Protractile. Capable of being extended forward. 



Proximal. Nearest. 



Pseudobranchiae. Small gills developed on tbe inner side of the gill cover. 



Pubie bones. Same as the pelvic bones. 



Radius. Outer bone of forearm. 



Ramus. One branch or one half of the jaw. 



Ray. A jointed rod which supports the fin. 



Retrorse. Turned backward. 



Rostrum. A projecting snout or beak. 



Rugose. Rough. 



Scapula. Shoulder blade; a bone of the shoulder girdle. 



Scute. Any external horny or bony plate. 



Serrate. Notched like a saw. 



Setae. Bristles, or hairs. 



Soft dorsal. The posterior part of the dorsal fin which is composed of jointed 



rays. 

 Spine. A sharp projecting point; an unjointed support in the anterior portions 



of the dorsal and anal fins. 

 Spinous, spiniform, and spinate. Spine-like or composed of spines. 

 Spinous dorsal. The anterior part of the dorsal fin supported by spines. 

 Spiracles. Openings behind the eye in sharks and rays. 

 Sub- (a prefix). Less than, somewhat, not quite, under, &c. 

 Suborbital. Below the eye. 

 Superior. Above or on the upper surface. 

 Supralateral. Above the side. 

 Supramaxillary. A supplemental bone lying along the upper edge of the 



maxillary. 

 Supraorbital. Above the eye. 



Suprascapular. A bone uniting the shoulder girdle with the skull. 

 Suture. The line of union of two bones or plates. 

 Symphysis. Point of junction of two parts of the jaw. 

 Symmetrical. Similarly arranged on both sides. 

 Synonym. A different word having the same or a similar meaning. 



Terminal. At the end. 



Tessellated. Marked with little checks or squares, like tiles. 



Thoracic. Pertaining to the chest. 



Transverse. Crosswise. 



Trilobate. With three lobes. 



Tricuspid. With three cusps or points. 



■ Truncate. Terminating abruptly, as if cut off square. 



Tubercle. A small excrescence, usually hard. 



Tubiform or tubuliform. Resembling a tube. 



Undulated. Waved. 



Uniform, as applied to colouration. Of one colour. 



Vent. The external opening of the alimentary canal. 



Ventral. Pertaining to the abdominal or lower surface. 



Ventral fins. Paired fins behind or below (he pectoral fins, which correspond to 



the hind limbs of higher vertebrates. 

 Vertebrae. The bones of the spinal column. 

 Vertical fins. Fins on the median line of the body; the dorsal, anal, and caudal 



fins. 

 Villiform teeth. Slender and small teeth forming velvety bands. 

 Vomer. A bone forming the front part of the roof of the mouth. 



