12 TISH AND FISH-LIKE ANIMALS OF N.S.W., 



36b. D. fluvioeum. Estuary Stingaree Id. Ogilby, P. Roy. Soc. Qld. xxi, 



1908, p. 6*; Id,, McCul., Biol. Res. Endeavour iii. 3, 1015, p. 103, pi. 16, 1 



(PI. iii.). 



Grows to about one foof'wide. Like all other Sting Rays, this species can 



inflict dangerous wounds with its barbed spine, which often causes blood-poisoning. 



36c. D. brevicaudatus. Smooth Stingaree. Trygon brevicaudatus Hut- 

 ton, A.M.N.H. (4) xvi, 1875, p. 317; D. brevicaudatm McCul., Biol. Res. 

 Endeavour iii. 3, 1915, p. 102, pi. 15, 1. (PI. iii.). 



Not uncommon in deeper water, occasionally wandering into harbours and 

 estuaries. Grows to at least four feet wide. 



36d. D. thetidis. Black Stingaree. Id. (Ogilby) Waite, Mem. Austr. 



Mus. iv. 1. 1899, p. 46. 

 A little-known, though apparently common species in our deeper waters, and 

 growing to over four feet in width. 



37. Pastinachus Ruppell, Atl. Reise Nordl. Afrika. 1828, p. 51 (sephen). 

 37a. P. sephen. Faxtailed Ray. Raja sephen Forskal, Descr. Anim., 



1775, p. 18; Trygon sephen Day, Fish. India, 1878, p. 740, pi. 195, 2. 

 (PI. iii.). 

 A tropical species, apparently common in the northern waters of the State 

 Indian specimens have measured nearly six feet across the disc. 



38. Himantura Mull. & Henle, Arch. Naturg. iii. I, 1837, p. 400 (uarnak). 

 38a. H. uarnak. Coachwhip Ray. Raja uarnak Forsk., Descr. Anim., 



1775, p. 18; Trygon uarnak Day, Fish. India, 1878, p. 737, pi. 194, 1. 

 (PI. iii.). 

 A tropical species, once recorded from the Clarence estuary. Grows to five 

 feet wide, and is capable of inflicting very dangerous wounds with its spine. 



39. Urolophus Mull. & Henle, Arch. Nat. iii. T.. 1837. p. 400 (eruciaPus). 



A. Tail shorter than its distance from the mouth aurantiacus (39a). 



AA. Tail longer than its distance from the mouth. 



B. Internasal valve broadly fringed posteriorly; nostrils with broad 



posterior lobes; tail without lateral folds. testaceus (39b). 



BB. Internasal valve with only a narrow fringe or lobules posteriorly; 

 nostrils without broad posterior lobes. 

 C. Papillae behind lower jaw fewer, back uniform. viridis (39c). 



CC. Papillae behind lower jaw numerous, back white- 

 speckled, bitcculentus (39d). 



39a. U. aurantiacus. Yellow-backed Stingaree. Id. Mull. & Henle, 

 Plagiost, 1841, p. 173, pi. 56; Id. McCull., Biol. Res. Endeavour iv. 4. 

 1916. p. 17?, pi. 49. (PI. iii.). 

 Commonly taken by the trawlers in deeper water. Grows to about 16 inches 

 wide, and together with the following species, is commonly sold as Skate. 



39b. U. testaceus. Common Stingakee. Trygonoptera testacea Mull. & 

 Henle, Plagiost., 1841, p. 174, pi. 57; McCul., Biol. Res. Endeavour iv. 

 4, 1916, p. 174, pi. 50. (PI. iii.). 



Abundant on sandy flats in shallow water. Grows to about 12 inches wide. 



