THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



large quantities of tile, ranging in size from 6 to 24 inches 

 in diameter. All the tile' larger than 12 inches in diameter 

 were made in hand molds, but the smaller sizes were all 

 machine made. This county contract was started two years 

 ago this coming fall, and quantities of the tile were delivered 

 then upon practically the full length of the line, but the work 

 was delayed for the purpose of completing the main ditch 

 into which the line discharges. The tile delivered during the 

 latter part of 1906 and the early part of 1907 lay unprotected 

 from the weather along the line until they were put into 

 the trench, some of which had been done comparatively re- 

 cently. In fact, I saw nearly a mile of tile stretched out 

 through the swamp above ground, most of which was deliv- 

 ered in October and November, 1906. Some of these tile 

 were entirely submerged, while others were partially under 

 water, and still others were entirely high and dry. The tile 

 had evidently been frozen repeatedly in the position in which 

 I saw them, but when examined they were found to be in 

 perfect condition. The number of broken tile along that line 

 was remarkably small. I noticed some 15-inch tile two 

 feet in length which were about two years old being placed 

 in the trench which at that point was about 10 feet deep. 

 The treatment received by this concrete tile which had lain 

 exposed for two winters, and subjected to the natural freezing 

 and thawing of that period certainly proves their superiority 

 to drain tile made of clay in this particular. No clay tile 

 other than a perfectly vitrified one could resist disintegration 

 under such conditions'. In fact, it is well known to those 

 who are interested in land drainage that ordinary drain tile 

 of clay are badly disintegrated by the action of frost, and 

 the outlets of drains using them are constantly changing, due 

 to the breaking down of the exposed tile. . 



"My interests growing in the matter, I learned of several 

 farmers in the immediate neighborhood who had made use of 

 quantities of the product of this plant in draining their lands 

 and I examined some of the concrete tile drains which have 

 been in almost two years. I observed the outlet on a farm 

 drain system and found the 8-inch tile at this point in first- 

 class condition. The first fifty or sixty feet of this line was 

 covered with only earth enough to protect it against stock, 



and therefore exposed to the extremes of freezing and thaw- 

 ing for two winters. After finding the tile in that outlet in 

 perfect condition I went to the head of the ditch and exposed 

 the tile which were at this point covered by about four feet 

 of earth. The tile here was also found to be in perfect con- 

 dition. I examined the tile on a 4-inch lateral line and here 

 found this size also in first-class condition, and the farmer, 

 who is quite an enthusiast over the perfection of his drainage 

 system, remarked that these were harder than when they 

 were put in, as they were taken from the plant when only two 

 weeks old. He stated that there was very little loss in the 

 handling of concrete tile in the operation of laying it in the 

 ditch and hauling it to his farm, and further that his drains 

 were giving perfect satisfaction. 



"I will say that this statement was verified by the splen- 

 did flow witnessed at the outlet of the system. Together we 

 crossed over to an adjoining farm and visited the outlets of 

 several clay tile drains. My farmer friend and companion 

 advised that these drains had been in over a year longer than 

 his ; that is to say they had passed three winters. I believe 

 I am safe in saying that there was not as much water being 

 discharged from five separate lines as from the one just cited, 

 although the total area drained was very much larger. The 

 outlets of three of these clay tile lines were constructed of 

 hard glazed tile, while the other two, of soft clay, showed 

 a very marked tendency to be disintegrated for about 10 feet, 

 the liroken down tile having been shoveled out, and an open 

 drain was being used from the present end of the tile to the 

 lake into which it emptied. 



"At another town I took occasion to inquire as to the 

 developments and progress of the drain tile branch of their 

 operations, and one of the proprietors informed me that they 

 had never been able to keep up with their orders at that place 

 for concrete drain tile and blocks. They have been in busi- 

 ness for a number of years and have a splendidly equipped 

 factory, steam heated in winter and electric lighted. The 

 plant is run the year around, and the proprietor is a great 

 believer in the future of cement products, in which they have 

 built up a very satisfactory' and profitable business. 



"There is no question in my mind after these observa- 



The Temple Irrigation Equipments the most 

 Economicaland Certain Means of Lifting Water 



55 YEARS' EXPERIENCE 



Write us for Information and Prices State Requirements 



The Temple Water Elevators The Temple Centrifugal Pumps 



Manufacturers of all kinds of Hand and Windmill Pumps 



Also Manufacturers Single Cylinder, Double Cylinder and Four Cylinder Gaso- 

 line or Kerosene Engines 



Briefly s tated the advantages of our Double Cylinder Engines are as follows: 



First They are more economical in the use of fuel. On light loads one cylinder can be used, reserving 

 both cylinders for heavy loads. 



Second Although weighing about one-half the weight of a single cylinder engine of same rated capacity, 

 vibrations are practically overcome, demonstrating conclusively that in proportion to strain the double cylinder 

 "Master Workman" is the stronger engine. 



Third The heavier weight of a single cylinder engine is due to the fact that it must have heavier fly- 

 wheels in the horizontal type, . and a longer, higher and consequently much heavier base than is required for 

 the "Master Workman." The heavier the fly-wheels the greater the strain on the crankshaft, so you will realize 

 that neither heavier fly-wheels or a heavier base contribute one iota to the strength of a single cylinder engine. 



Fourth When vibrations are overcome, as in the "Master Workman," the lighter the engine and the less 

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Fifth Lubrication in our engine is absolutely perfect. There is no forced lubrication, lubrication being 

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Factory, 15th St. and 15th Place, near Canal St. 

 Chicago, III.. U. S. A. 



THE TEMPLE PUMP CO. 



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