ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 



for articulation with the tibia. The head bears a convex 

 surface for articulation with the 

 navicular. The neck is the con- 

 stricted portion between the body 

 and the head. 



The scaphoid lies on the medial 

 side of the foot and articulates with 

 the remaining six bones of the tar- 

 sus. It may be recognized by its 

 deep concave surface for articulation 

 with the astragalus, and also by the 

 tuberosity, a process on its medial 

 plantar angle ( Fig. 43 ) . 



The internal cuneiform is next to 

 the smallest bone of the tarsus. It 

 articulates with the navicular, mid- 

 dle cuneiform, and first and second 

 metatarsals. The middle cuneiform 

 is a wedge-shaped bone and the 

 smallest element of the tarsus. It 

 articulates with the other two cunei- 

 forms, the scaphoid and second met- 

 atarsal. The external cuneiform 

 may be recognized by a strong hook- 

 like process on its plantar surface. 

 It articulates with the scaphoid, 

 middle cuneiform, cuboid, and sec- 

 ond and third metatarsals. 



The cuboid is the lateral bone of 

 the distal row. It may be recognized 

 by the deep groove on its plantar 

 surface which shelters the tendon of 

 the peroneus longus muscle. 

 The typical arrangement of the tar sal elements in ver- 



FIG. 43. DORSAL ASPECT 

 OF LEFT HIND-FOOT. 



ag, Astragalus ; ar, artic- 

 ular surface of the 

 tibia; cb, cuboid; ec, 

 external cuneiform ; gr, 

 groove for the tendon 

 of the plantaris ; h, 

 head of the fourth 

 metatarsal; ic, internal 

 cuneiform; me, middle 

 cuneiform; mi, hallux 

 or first metatarsal ; m 2 , 

 w 3 , m*, and W B , second, 

 third, fourth, and fifth 

 metatarsals; nv, navi- 

 cular or scaphoid ; oc, 

 os calcis, or calca- 

 neum ; 3, proximal row 

 of phalanges ; 2, mid- 

 dle row of phalanges ; 

 i, distal row of phalan- 

 ges. 



