72 ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 



Each metatarsal except the first supports three phalanges. 

 The proximal phalanges are the stoutest, and the distal the 

 smallest. Each distal phalanx bears a claw. 



In all five-toed animals, such as Primates, there are four- 

 teen phalanges, each digit being composed of three, except 

 the hallux, which has two. 



PRACTICAL QUESTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 



1. Describe the articulations of the innominate bone. 



2. How do you distinguish the cranial from the caudal aspect of 

 the os innominatum? 



3. Which processes derive their names from their location? 

 ^4. Draw the lateral aspect of the os innominatum and label all fea- 

 tures. 



5. Name the four parts of the bone in order of size. 



6. What two orders of mammals have no pelvic limbs? 



7. Describe what is seen in viewing the femur from the cranial 

 aspect. 



8. Name the processes of the femur. 



9. Draw the distal aspect of the femur. 



10. How do you distinguish the right from the left femur? 



11. Describe the patella. 



12. Draw the caudal aspect of the tibia and label all features. 



13. How do you distinguish the right from the left tibia? 



14. Describe the articulations of the fibula. 



15. What features distinguish the proximal from the distal ex- 

 tremities of the fibula? 



16. Write 100 words describing the crus in other mammals than 

 the cat. 



17. Draw the ventral aspect of the tarsus and label all parts. 



18. Which of the tarsals support metatarsals? 



19. Name the tarsals in order of size. 



20. Draw the lateral aspect of the third metatarsal. 



21. How do you distinguish a metatarsal from a metacarpal? 



22. How do you distinguish the proximal from the distal end of a 

 metatarsal? 



23. Describe the condition of the metatarsals in various mammals. 



24. In most mammals how many phalanges to each digit? 



25. What artiodactyls have you seen with only two functional digits 

 on the posterior limbs? 



