102 



ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY, 



The muscles in the different orders of mammals have the 

 same general arrangement. Over four hundred muscles 

 occurring in the cat are found in man and have approxi- 

 mately the same relative location and function, and the 

 same nerve-supply. The size and the 

 shape of the muscles may vary somewhat 

 in accordance with the habits of the ani- 

 mal. The pectoralis in the cat consists 

 of five parts, while in man there are only 

 two parts. The biceps is a simple muscle 

 in the cat, but in man it has two well 

 defined heads. The muscles for moving 

 the ear, which are well developed in the 

 horse, cow, and cat, are exceedingly rudi- 

 mentary in man. The Cetacea and Sire- 

 nia possess fewer muscles than the other 

 orders of mammals, as they have no 

 hind-limbs. These few remarks serve to 

 show that a familiarity with the muscles 



-ac FIG. 53. CAUDAL ASPECT OF THE MUSCLES OF THE 



CRUS AND FOOT WITH THE GASTROCNEMIUS, SOL- 

 EUS, AND PLANTARIS REMOVED. 



ad, Adductor ; ac, tendon of Achilles ; ab, abductor 

 ossis metatarsi; eg, external head of gastrocne- 

 mius ; fb, flexor brevis digitorum cut at x and 

 turned aside; fd, flexor longus digitorum, fl, 

 flexor longus hallucis; i, peroneus longus; /, 

 peroneus brevis; lp, tendinous loop through 

 which pass the tendons of the flexor brevis digi- 

 torum and the flexor longus digitorum; n, cut 

 tendons of fb ; o, plantaris over the tuberosity 

 of the os calcis; p, tendon of the peroneus 

 brevis ; pi, tendon of the plantaris, whose prox- 

 imal portion is cut away ; r, tendon of the flexor 

 longus digitorum pedis cut off as it passes 

 through the slit in the flexor brevis digitorum ; 

 s, tendon of the flexor brevis digitorum split 

 for the transmission of the tendon of the flexor 

 longus digitorum pedis; so, soleus ; t, tendon 

 of the flexor longus hallucis ; x, plantaris giving 

 origin to the flexor brevis digitorum. 



