THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 



arm, and accompanies the subclavian artery. 



jugular veins are large 



vessels lying on either 



side of the neck beneath 



the platysma myoides 



muscle. When the skin is 



removed, the veins are 



plainly seen through this 



very thin muscle. The 



external jugular is formed 



ventral to the angle of 



the mandible by the union 



of the internal and exter- 



FIG. 78. VENTRAL VIEW OF THE 

 CHIEF VEINS OF THE TRUNK, 

 NECK, AND HEAD. 



az, Azygos; au, anterior auri- 

 cular; br, innominate; cd, 

 caudal ; cph, cephalic ; em, 

 anterior facial; ex, ex- 

 ternal jugular; eic, external 

 iliac; hp, hepatic; im, pos- 

 terior facial; ij, internal 

 jugular; ims, inferior mesen- 

 teric ; ilm, iliolumbar ; ilc, 

 common iliac ; iic, internal 

 iliac ; , inferior labial; na, 

 anterior facial; ov, ovarian 

 or spermatic; pan, posterior 

 auricular ; pd, pancreato- 

 duodenalis; psy, superior 

 vena cava; pst, inferior vena 

 cava; prt, portal; phrn, 

 phrenic; rn, renal; ste, 

 superficial temporal; st, gas- 

 tro-epiploica and coronary; 5t-4f 

 sr, suprarenal; sir, sternal 

 or internal mammary ; sp, 

 gastrosplenic ; sm, superior 

 mesenteric; sbcl, subclavian; 

 tr, transverse ; tg, submental ; 

 vtr, vertebral; i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 

 6, the transverse foramina of 

 the first ^six cervical verte- 

 brae; w, intercostals ; x, su- 

 perior intercostals. 



14 



The external 



