MEMOIR OF CAMPER. 39 



gan immediately under the chin, and extended to 

 the collar and breast bones, and laterally to the 

 shoulder-blades. When inflated with air, it mea- 

 sured seven inches by four. The communicating 

 opening in this animal was between the tongue-bone 

 and the pomum Adami. Lastly, in tne orang-outang, 

 I carefully raised the superficial parts, occasionally 

 inflating the bag with the blowpipe. Here I found 

 a double bag, and an opening for each side : the bag 

 extended below the upper part of the breast-bone, 

 and was in fact covered with the pectoral muscles. 

 Upwards it extended high above the collar-bones, 

 and far back, so as to get beneath the shoulder- 

 blades. It is here worthy of remark, that, in this 

 third variety, I at last found the exact anatomy de- 

 scribed by Galen in reference to the organs of voice 

 generally, applying it to man, and never hinting at 

 the orang at all." Thus, then, in some species of 

 this family, there is no bag, in others two, and some- 

 times three, communicating with the os hyoides. 

 When this is the case, he adds, " the structure bears 

 a considerable resemblance to the whistle which hun- 

 ters use in calling their dogs ; for the air compressed 

 by the lungs into the cavity of the larynx, is forced 

 violently into the bony case, and from thence for- 

 ward by the opening beneath the epiglottis into the 

 mouth of the animal, and so to a great distance. 

 It is thus I would account for the extraordinary noise 

 these animals produce, so as to be heard from an im- 

 mense distance, which Markgraaf and other travel- 



