MEMOIR OP CAMPER. 63 



brain, was in general very uniform ; and that the po- 

 sition of the upper and lower jaws was the manifest 

 cause of the most striking differences. The same 

 observation may be extended from quadrupeds down 

 to the finny race. 



" The above examination also enabled me to dis- 

 cover whence those changes arose which progres- 

 sively take place in our features, from infancy to the 

 most advanced age. I was still, however, unable 

 to explain in what manner it was that the Greeks 

 should have acquired, at a very remote period, the 

 singular and dignified expression they gave to their 

 figures, and which I had never seen perfectly equal- 

 led. I perceived, moreover, that in the copies taken 

 from them the facial line did not differ from our own. 



" Having contemplated the inhabitants of various 

 nations with the greatest attention, I conceived that 

 a striking difference was occasioned, not merely by 

 the position of the lower jaw, but also by the quad- 

 rangular form, and by the breadth of the face. On 

 comparing a great many heads together, I also ob- 

 served that a line drawn down the forehead and pass- 

 ing the upper lip indicated much of the difference in 

 natural physiognomy. This discovery formed the 

 basis of my edifice. 



" The populous city of Amsterdam afforded me 

 great facilities for further observation, from early in- 

 fancy to decrepit old age. By comparing these with 

 each other, my thoughts were directed to the natu- 

 ral differences occasioned by the gradual growth of 



