68 MEMOIR OF CAMPER. 



the ear to the same point of the upper jaw, formed 

 with the former line an angle, which he called the 

 facial angle; the relative size of which produced the 

 most marked difference in the expression of the coun- 

 tenance, as it was also regarded a gage of the intel- 

 lect of man and beast. 



His own estimate of the value of this observation 

 may be gathered from the following quotation. " I 

 have observed that in quadrupeds, both genus and 

 species may be distinguished by the position of the 

 upper jaw bones immediately before, above, or oblique 

 under the ball of the cranium. I have drawn the 

 heads of many different animals on the same line ; 

 which exhibits an appearance that not only would 

 be of inconceivable service in natural history, but of 

 the greatest use to the painter." In another place, 

 he remarks, " The two extremities of the facial angle 

 are 70 or 100 degrees from the Negro to the Gre- 

 cian antique ; make it under 70 degrees, and you 

 describe an orang-outang, or an ape : lessen it more, 

 and you have the head of a dog ; increase the mini- 

 mum, and you form a fowl, a snipe for example, 

 the facial line of which is nearly parallel with the 

 horizon. No space is now left for the teeth, and 

 hence they have none. If the projecting part of the 

 forehead be made to exceed 100, the head becomes 

 misshapen, and assumes the appearance of hydroce- 

 phalus. It is very surprising that the artists of an- 

 cient Greece should have chosen precisely the maxi- 

 mum ; whilst the best Roman artists have limited 



