26 THE FARMER'S OUTLOOK 



to total exports for the period 1880 to 1889, was 

 77-2 as against 62-6 for the five years 1900 to 

 1904. This result is specially remarkable as the 

 apex of the export curve, of live cattle, beef, pork, 

 and pork products as well as cereals, exactly 

 coincides with the second period. Forest products 

 have been excluded, but cotton and tobacco 

 form part of the totals on which the percentages 

 are based in both cases. 



Take other evidence to show the increasing 

 number of the population engaged in non-food 

 producing employments, and apply it to the 

 United States of America and elsewhere. The 

 coal production in metric tons of Germany, 

 Belgium, France, Austria, the United States and 

 the United Kingdom for the period 1881-5, com- 

 pared with the period 1906-10, shows an annual 

 average production of 355 million tons for the 

 former period, against an average of 901 million 

 tons for the second period. Taking the same 

 countries and comparing the same periods, we 

 find that the figures for pig iron are respectively 

 20 million metric tons and over 54 million metric 

 tons. 



Similar figures for countries which in the 

 popular estimation are thought to be behind-hand 

 in the development of their minerals and their 

 manufactures are even more significant. The 

 annual production of pig iron in Russia, which 



