128 THE FARMER'S OUTLOOK 



of seasons makes him hesitate to incur extra 

 expense in labour or manures. In brief, unlike 

 the factory, the factors are not to the same 

 degree under control. With all the improvements 

 of modern machinery and modern science, agri- 

 cultural production has not and cannot make the 

 same progress as factory output. This accounts 

 for the lower money wages paid to agricultural 

 labourers, 1 though the compensations of healthy 

 surroundings, cheaper housing accommodation, 

 full work and supplies of garden and other produce 

 at nominal cost must be borne in mind. As an 

 instance of the means by which larger production 

 maybe brought about, the increased yield of wheat 

 which has been recorded in the United States, 

 due to the introduction of improved varieties, 

 is the outcome of the botanists' work rather than 

 to better methods of cultivation. In forecasting 

 the future we can at most only rely on a very 

 gradual increased production from a given area. 

 The grading up of agricultural production will 

 naturally vary in different countries, but taking 

 the world as a whole it is by no means likely to be 

 rapid. 



1 The Census of Production, which classifies employ- 

 ment according to the net output per head of employees, 

 should afford an interesting basis of comparison between 

 the output of the factory hand and the agricultural 

 labourer. 



